大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷213 (题后含答
案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation
Part I Writing
1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to invite your former roommate in your university to visit your city during the summer vacation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
正确答案：Dear Cathy, How are you getting on recently? Have you got a plan for the summer vacation? If not, I’m looking forward to inviting you to come here and visit my city during the summer vacation. The city has a long history with a lot of places of interest. You can visit The Imperial Palace, the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and many other scenic spots in the city. There’re many famous universities here, you can go and experience different campus atmosphere. If you want to experience the pleasure of nature, we can go to the mountain in the countryside. You can also enjoy various kinds of special snacks symbolizing the feature of the local life. You can’t miss all these foods and scenery spots. I hope you can come and we can get together as soon as possible! Yours, Emily
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文：W: Good evening and welcome to tonight’s edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean. Good evening, Edward.M: Hello, Tina.W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean’s early life.M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn’t there long though because his mother passed away just four years later. Jimmy’s father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.W: So how did he get into acting?M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting. In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.W: Then when did his movie career really start?M: In 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn’t fit into society.W: So how many more movies did he make?M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what
made him the legend he still is today?M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.1. What is the woman doing?2. Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?3. What did James Dean do at college in California?4. Which movie really made James Dean famous?
2．
A．Interviewing a moving star. B．Discussing teenage role models. C．Hosting a television show. D．Reviewing a new biography.
正确答案：C 解析：由“Good evening and welcome to tonight’s edition of Legendary Lives．”可知对话中女士是在主持电视节目。所以答案为C)。
3．
A．Because he lost his mother.
B．Because he was unhappy in California. C．Because he missed his aunt.
D．Because he had to attend school there.
正确答案：A 解析：男士提及“He wasn’t there long though because his mother passed away just four years later．Jimmy’s father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt．”可知他父亲送他回到印第安纳是因为他母亲四年后的去世。所以答案为A)。
4．
A．He delivered public speeches. B．He got seriously into acting. C．He hosted talk shows on TV. D．He played a role in East of Eden.
正确答案：B 解析：文中原句：“…then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting．”可知他在那里认真地演戏。所以答案为B)。
5．
A．His first movie. B．His second movie. C．His third movie. D．His fourth movie.
正确答案：B
解析：文中提到“Dean became a huge success．But the movie that really made him famous was his second one”真正使他出名的是他的第二部电影，所以答案为B)。
听力原文：M: Hello, and welcome to our program, “Working Abroad”. Our guest this evening is a Londoner, who lives and works in Italy. Her name’s Anna Will. Anna, welcome to the program. You live in Florence, how long have you been living there?W: Since 1981. But when I went there in 1981, I planned to stay for only 6 months.M: Why did you change your mind?W: Well, I’m a designer, I design leather goods, mainly shoes and handbags. Soon after I arrived in Florence, I got a job with one of Italy’s top fashion houses, Ferregamo. So, I decided to stay.M: How lucky! Do you still work for Ferregamo?W: No, I’ve been a freelance designer for quite a long time now, since 1989, in fact.M: So does that mean you design for several different companies now?W: Yes, that’s right. I’ve designed many fashion items for a number of Italian companies, and in the last four years, I’ve also been designing for the British company, Burberrys.M: What have you been designing for them?W: Mostly handbags and small leather goods.M: How’s the fashion industry in Italy changed since 1982?W: Oh, yes. It’s become a lot more competitive. Because the quality of products from other countries has improved a lot. But Italian quality and design is still world-famous.M: And do you ever think of returning to live in England?W: No, not really. Working in Italy is more interesting. I also love the Mediterranean sun and the Italian life style.M: Well, thank you for talking to us, Susan.W: It was a pleasure.5. Where does this talk most probably take place?6. What was the woman’s original plan when she went to Florence?7. When did the woman become a freelance designer?8. What do we learn about the change in Italy’s fashion industry?
6．
A．In a studio. B．In a book store. C．At a beach resort. D．At a supermarket.
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查对话发生的地点，对话开头提到欢迎参加这个节目，四个选项中，只有A)符合题意。
7．
A．To live there permanently. B．To stay there for half a year.
C．To find a better job to support herself.
D．To sell leather goods for an American company.
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查时间的同义转述。Anna最初计划在Florence待6个月，即半年。
8．
A．Since 1981. B．Since 1982. C．Since 1989. D．Since 1990.
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查Anna成为自由设计师的时间。
9．
A．It has seen a steady decline in its profits.
B．It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad. C．It has lost many customers to foreign companies. D．It has become much more competitive.
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查意大利的时装工业，对话中提及更加有竞争力。
Section B
听力原文： Last summer, I took my first flight from London to New York. I boarded the plane at Crayon Airfield and, from that moment on, my life was arranged for me on the trip. First, I was directed to my seat by the stewardess, and then when the plane was ready to take off, the other passengers and I were told to fasten our seat belts. A few minutes after take-off, magazines and newspapers were passed out. Because my ears hurt, I was given some gum to chew. Next, we were given instructions on what to do in case of an emergency. We were given ear phones to listen to music and told that a movie would be shown after dinner. Before dinner, we were asked if we wanted a cocktail. Dinner was served on a tray, and it was attractive and delicious. We were permitted to have a refill on any beverage. After the dinner, we were shown a new Hollywood movie. When I felt cold, I was given a blanket, when I felt airsick the stewardess gave me a paper bag. Everything was done for the comfort of the passengers. When the plane landed, I was almost sorry to get off and have to start doing things for myself again.9. Where is Crayon Airfield?10. What were distributed a few minutes after take-off?11. What was provided on an airplane?
10．
A．In Washington. B．In London. C．In New York. D．In Yorkshire.
正确答案：B
解析：综合推断题。文章开始便指出作者是从伦敦出发前往纽约，那么作者
登机的Crayon Airfield一定是在伦敦了，所以B)正确。
11．
A．Chewing gums. B．Earphones. C．Magazines. D．Seat belts.
正确答案：C
解析：信息明示题。文章指出，A few minutes after take—off，magazines and newspapers were passed out，所以C)正确。
12．
A．Clothes.
B．Mobile phone. C．Computer. D．Earphone.
正确答案：D
解析：信息明示题。文章提到，飞机上提供了gum，earphones，cocktail等，故选D)。
听力原文： The time is 9 o’clock and this is Marian Snow with the news. The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. It’s thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers were at the scene. The British industrialist James Louis, held by kidnapper in central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid. The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions. A spokesman for the management said they’d hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost lots of money and orders over this dispute. And finally the weather. After a code start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight.12. What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?13. What happened to British industrialist James Louis?14. How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?15. What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in most parts of the country?
13．
A．It carried passengers leaving an island. B．A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife. C．It crashed when it was circling to land. D．18 of its passengers survived the crash.
正确答案：C
解析：由“the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land”可知飞机是由于撞上了山坡所以降落。因此答案为C)。
14．
A．He was kidnapped eight months ago.
B．He failed in his negotiations with the Africans. C．He was assassinated in Central Africa.
D．He lost lots of money in his African business.
正确答案：A
解析：由“held by kidnapper in central Africa for the past 8 months…”可知英国实业家James Louis8个月前被绑架，昨天被安全释放。所以答案为A)。
15．
A．The management and union representatives reached an agreement. B．The workers’ pay was raised and their working hours were shortened. C．The trade union gave up its demand. D．The workers on strike were all fired.
正确答案：A
解析：由“which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions”可知罢工的工人在工作时间和工作条件上达成了新的协议才结束了3个星期的罢工，所以答案为A)。
16． A．Sunny. B．Rainy. C．Windy. D．Cloudy.
正确答案：B
解析：由“…rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight．”可知雨会在午夜从苏格兰蔓延到大部分地区，所以答案为B)。
Section C
听力原文：Moderator: Hello ladies and gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr.
Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller: Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore. For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions , or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the: OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard. Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies. First of all, I’d like to talk about...16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?
17．
A．They investigate the retirement homes in America. B．They are on issues facing senior citizens in America. C．They describe the great pleasures of the golden years. D．They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
正确答案：B
解析：文章开篇提到“…has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years．”由此可知Dr．Miller的书主要是针对老年人的。所以答案为B)。
18．
A．The loss of the ability to take care of himself. B．The feeling of not being important any more. C．Being unable to find a good retirement home. D．Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.
正确答案：D
解析：由“My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear，that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years．”可知我的祖父最怕的是离开居住了60年的家园。所以答案选D)。
19．
A．The loss of identity and self-worth. B．Fear of being replaced or discarded.
C．Freedom from pressure and worldly cares. D．The possession of wealth and high respect.
正确答案：A
解析：由“their so—called‘golden years’are at times not so pleasant，for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self—worth．”可知他们的golden years有时意味着失去了自我价值，所以答案为A)。
20．
A．The urgency of pension reform. B．Medical care for senior citizens.
C．Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society. D．The development of public facilities for senior citizens.
正确答案：C
解析：由“This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group，and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies．”可知Dr．Miller的演讲主要在提倡找到老年人在社会中有意义的角色，所以答案为C)。
听力原文： The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) . It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts. Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally. Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages,
by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.” Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large part on the first 1, 000 days of life. “This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.” The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem. “It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the politicians on board, and also the people that implement programs in the field.” Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life. Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition. “They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.” Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.20. What is the experts’ conclusion regarding children’s undernourishment in their earliest days of life?21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
21．
A．It seriously impacts their physical and mental development. B．It has become a problem affecting global economic growth. C．It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries. D．It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.
正确答案：A
解析：由“Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally．”可知营养不良对孩子的身心都有影响。所以答案为A)。
22．
A．They will live longer. B．They get better pay.
C．They get along well with people. D．They develop much higher IQs.
正确答案：B 解析：由“And then at adulthood，IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages，by a pretty large margin，by 46
percent．”可知早期营养良好的孩子成年后工资普遍高。所以答案为B)。
23．
A．Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods. B．Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life. C．Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition. D．Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
正确答案：C
解析：由“Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition．”可知泰国派志愿者去传授知识，所以答案为C)。
听力原文： I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work. Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online. Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low. Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved. Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-pommerce companies are those selling sex related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.23. What is important to the success of an online store?24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
24．
A．The guaranteed quality of its goods. B．The huge volume of its annual sales. C．The service it provides to its customers. D．The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
正确答案：D
解析：由“Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio．”可知高价值重量比的物品更适合在网上销售。所以答案为D)。
25．
A．Those having a taste or smell component. B．Products potentially embarrassing to buy. C．Those that require very careful handling. D．Services involving a personal element.
正确答案：A
解析：由“Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component．”可知具有气味或味道的物品不适合在网上销售。所以答案为A)。
26．
A．Those who live in the virtual world. B．Those who have to work long hours.
C．Those who are used to online transactions. D．Those who don’t mind paying a little more.
正确答案：B
解析：由“Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly，people who work long hours and those without their own transport．”可知老年人和长时间工作的人还有那些没有自己的交通工具的人更倾向于网络购物，所以答案为B)。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
As many people【C1】______ middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain fades, we refer to these【C2】______ as “senior moments”. While seemingly【C3】______, this loss of mental focus can【C4】______ have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being. Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It turns that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive【C5】______.
Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the neural connections that drive intelligence is【C6】______. However, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand according to mental effort. Now, a new San Francisco Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program”【C7】______ to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. It is called Lumosity. Lumosity, is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That’s because they have【C8】______ these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. Also, the program keeps track of your progress and provides【C9】______ feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and【C10】______ the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing.A) arrive B) enhances C) complex D) definitely E) detailedF) functions G) hit H) incidents I) inherited J) innocentK) integrated L) intended M) occurrences N) potentially O) designed
27． 【C1】
正确答案：G
解析：此处需填入动词，且主语为复数形式，主句为一般现在时，故从句谓语动词应为动词原形。hit middle age是个相对固定的表达方式，表达人到中年的意思。
28． 【C2】
正确答案：M
解析：此处需填入名词，且为复数形式。候选名词中incidents意为“事件”，但通常是不愉快的，occurrences意为“发生的事情，事件”。根据上下文，此处要表达的是“我们把那些事件称作‘年老时刻’”。
29． 【C3】
正确答案：J
解析：此处需填入形容词。根据语义，此处作者要表达“尽管貌似______，无法集中精力将可能对我们的职业、社交及个人幸福产生不利影响”，故应选择innocent“无辜的”。
30． 【C4】
正确答案：N
解析：此处应为副词，应体现无法集中精力与我们的职业、社交及个人幸福之间的关系，相比较potentially“可能”最能恰当体现两者之间的关系，为正确选项。
31． 【C5】
正确答案：F
解析：此处应填入名词。根据语义，上文说大脑像我们的肌肉一样，也需要练习。那么练习对认知功能发展应该起积极作用，因此作者想表达的是“正确的思维练习能够显著地提高我们的基本认知功能”。cognitive functions为固定搭配，意为“认知功能”。
32． 【C6】
正确答案：I
解析：此处需填入动词过去分词或形容词。根据语义，此处文章要表达的是智力发展与神经联系相关，需要判断我们发展神经联系的能力是天生的还是后天因素造成的。根据常识，发展神经联系的能力应该是天生的，遗传的，因此选inherited“天生的，遗传的”。
33． 【C7】
正确答案：O
解析：此处应填入动词的过去分词。根据语义，此处选择的动词应与brain training program搭配。此外，此词后是brain training program的功用，因此答案为designed。设计此程序能够切实帮助人们改善大脑功能，使大脑，重新变得敏锐。
34． 【C8】
正确答案：K 解析：此处需填入动词过去分词。根据上下文，此程序将练习______程序中，使你可以系统地提高记忆力和注意力。故答案为integrated“融入”。
35． 【C9】
正确答案：E
解析：此处需填入形容词。根据语义，此处意为“此程序跟踪你的进步，对你的表现及进步提供______反馈”。故答案为detailed“详细的”。
36． 【C10】
正确答案：B
解析：此处需填入动词第三人称单数且与modifies并列。根据语义，最重要的是，此程序可以不断修改、______你正在玩的游戏，使你逐步形成需要发展的能力。故答案为enhances“升级”。
Section B
Opportunists and CompetitorsA) Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy. The expenditure of energy is essentially a process of budgeting, just as finances are budgeted. If all of one’s money is spent on clothes, there may be none left to buy food or go to the movies. Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.B) All organisms, therefore, allocate energy to growth, reproduction, maintenance, and storage. No choice is involved; this allocation comes as part of the genetic package from the parents. Maintenance for a given body design of an organism is relatively constant. Storage is important, but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth. Therefore the principal differences in energy allocation are likely to be between growth and reproduction.C) Almost all of an organism’s energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body. Organisms at this extreme are “opportunists”. At the other extreme are “competitors”, almost all of whose resources are invested in building a huge body, with a bare minimum allocated to reproduction.D) Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content. Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal. These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants.E) A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.F) Opportunists must constantly invade new areas to compensate for being displaced by more competitive species. Human landscapes of lawns, fields, or flowerbeds provide settings with bare soil and a lack of competitors that are perfect habitats for colonization by opportunists. Hence, many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens.G) Because each individual is short-lived, the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods. If their population is tracked through time, it will be seen to be particularly unstable—soaring and plummeting in irregular cycles.H) The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction.I) An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, out-competing all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity.J) Although oaks produce
thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events.K) It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.L) Oak wood has a density of about 0. 75 g/cm3 , great strength and hardness, and is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content. It also has very appealing grain markings, particularly when quarter-sawn.M) Oak planking was common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries. The wood was hewn(砍) from green logs, by axe and wedge, to produce radial planks, similar to quarter-sawn timber. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior paneling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London and in the construction of fine furniture.N) Oak wood, from Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, was used in Europe for the construction of ships until the 19th century, and was the principal timber used in the construction of European timber-framed buildings. Today oak wood is still commonly used for furniture making and flooring, timber frame buildings, and for veneer production. Barrels in which wines, sherry, and spirits such as brandy, Scotch whisky and Bourbon whiskey are aged are made from European and American oak. The use of oak in wine can add many different dimensions to wine based on the type and style of the oak. Oak barrels, which may be charred before use, contribute to the colour, taste, and aroma of the contents, imparting a desirable oaky vanillin flavour to these drinks. The great dilemma for wine producers is to choose between French and American oak woods. French oaks (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea) give the wine greater refinement and are chosen for the best wines since they increase the price compared to those aged in American oak wood. American oak contributes greater texture and resistance to ageing, but produces more violent wine bouquets. Oak wood chips are used for smoking fish, meat, cheeses and other foods.O) Japanese oak is used in the making of professional drums from manufacturer Yamaha Drums. The higher density of oak gives the drum a brighter and louder tone compared to traditional drum materials such as maple and birch. In hill states of India, besides fuelwood and timber, the local people use oak wood for making agricultural implements. The leaves are used as fodder during lean period and bedding for livestock.
37． Growth, reproduction, and daily metabolism all require a plant to expend energy.
正确答案：A
解析：替换题。根据daily metabolism定位到A)段第一句，原句是：Growth，
reproduction，and daily metabolism all require an organism to expend energy．这里把“an organism”替换成了“a plant”，因为前者“organism”包括了后者“plant”，意义不变。
38． A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, winning all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.
正确答案：I 解析：转换题。根据200 years定位到I)段第一句，原句是：Amassive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more，out—competing all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil．这里将“out-competing”替换成“winning”，意义不变。
39． The energy stored by a plant would be used for maintenance, reproduction, or growth ultimately.
正确答案：B
解析：意义理解题。根据maintenance，reproduction，or growth定位到B)段第四句，原句是：Storage is important，but ultimately that energy will be used for maintenance，reproduction，or growth．意思就是：所以储存的能量都被用于维持生命、繁衍或生长。
40． Opportunist and competitor are different and complementary.
正确答案：H 解析：转换题。根据opportunist，competitor定位到H)段，原句是：The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor．题干中用“different and complementary”替换了“opposite”，都代表两种截然不同的形式。
41． Almost all of an organism’s energy can be diverted to reproduction, with very little allocated to building the body.
正确答案：C
解析：定位题。根据diverted to reproduction定位到C)段第一句，原句是：Almost all of an organism’s energy can be diverted to reproduction，with very little allocated to building the body．通过阅读意思，可知本句与题干意义一致。
42． The reason why the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought, bad winters, or floods is because each individual is short-lived.
正确答案：G
解析：句式题。根据short—lived，the population of an opportunist定位到G)
段第一句，原句是：Because each individual is short—lived，the population of an opportunist species is likely to be adversely affected by drought，bad winters，or floods．这里将句式前后做了一个倒置，但整体含义是一致的。
43． If you want to find a good example of opportunists, dandelion is a good choice for research.
正确答案：D
解析：定位题。根据dandelion定位到D)段第一句，原句是：Dandelions are good examples of opportunists．题干的意思与此句意思一致，翻译为：如果想找一个机会主义的例子来研究，蒲公英是很好的选择。
44． The common weed of a rose filed is more opportunistic than the rose within the same place.
正确答案：F
解析：推理题。根据common weed和opportunistic定位到F)段最后一句，原句是：Hence，many of the strongly opportunistic plants are the common weeds of fields and gardens．意思是：因为杂草是机会主义者，根据推理，玫瑰地里的杂草比玫瑰本：身更像机会主义者。
45． If the oak wood is quarter-sawn, there would be very obvious grain markings.
正确答案：L
解析：句式题。根据quarter-sawn定位到L)段最后一句，原句是：It also has very appealing grain markings，particularly when quarter-sawn．这里将句式变化后，意义不变。
46． In the 9th and 10th centuries, the oak wood was frequently used in the Viking longships.
正确答案：M 解析：定位题。根据9th and l0th定位到M) 段第一句，原句是：Oak planking was common on high status Viking longships in the 9th and 10th centuries．题干的意思是：在9世纪到10世纪之间，橡木是海盗造船的重要材料。
Section C
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “Don’t!”. But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts
two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television. Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!
47． According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is_________.
A．actors are very unusual people
B．the course at the drama school lasts two years C．acting is really a hard job
D．there are already too many actors
正确答案：D 解析：本题是个细节判断题。根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第一段。段首讲，表演界人数众多，所以不鼓励年轻人从事表演事业。因此判断D为正确选项。
48． An assistant stage manager’s job is difficult because he has to_________. A．do all kinds of stage work B．work for long hours
C．wait for a better company D．act well
正确答案：A
解析：本题是个细节判断题。根据题干中的an assistant stage manager，考生可锁定文章的第一段。原文中讲，年轻演员开始在轮演剧团工作，职位一般为舞台总监助理。这意味着，要做剧院里所有的工作。选项B是个干扰项，这只是其中一个因素而已。
49． According to the context, the sentence “But young actors with the stage in
their blood are happy” at the end of the first paragraph means_________.
A．they don’t care if their job is hard B．they like the stage naturally C．they are born happy D．they are easily satisfied
正确答案：B
解析：本题是个建立在细节上的同义辨析题。根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第一段。段末讲，天生爱表演的年轻演员非常高兴。这表明他们生来喜欢舞台。
50． Connie Pratt soon became a famous actress after_________. A．learning some lessons about the art of speaking B．playing her part in the “Blue Colored Moon” C．successfully matching the most famous actors
D．acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time
正确答案：D
解析：本题是个细节题。第二段后半部分讲，女孩随后接受了一些必要的训练，几周后便担当了主角，和当时最知名的演员之一演对手戏，然后便闻名世界了。因此D正确。选项A是个干扰项，文中说女孩接受了一些训练，但没有提及接受的训练是“the art of speaking”。
51． The phrase “once in a blue moon” in the last line refers to_________. A．all at once
B．once for a long time C．once in a while D．once and for all
正确答案：B
解析：本题是个同义转换题。根据题干，考生可锁定文章的最后一行，段末出现了这个短语。本段讲述了一个非常罕见的例子，所以作者在这里强调这种机会并不常见。选项A意为“同时，突然”；选项C意为“偶尔，有时”；选项D意为“彻底地”。
The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry. Sources at the Beijing People’s Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city’s laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of municipal centers which supervise property management, household mending and installation, and house keeping services. Modern city life is creating a need for industrialized home services. This will create job opportunities for laid-off workers, said Vice director of the Social Judicial Committee of the Conference. Beijing residents have long desired a home service industry. The demand is expected to drive new economic growth. There are few high quality home help services in Beijing and
customers are always complaining. In the past, few laid-off workers in Beijing desired to work as home helpers, jobs largely taken by young women from the countryside. At the same time, some city residents have not felt safe trusting rural girls, with modern household machines or with their small children. Many people would pay more for reliable house keepers who are more familiar with city life, but they have had no way of getting one, even though the city is home to thousands of laid-off workers. By the end of June this year, there were 30,600 jobless workers in the city. Most of them are women in their 40’s, who are not blessed with particular skills and who have had their work ethics shaped by the planned economy. Many of them were at a loss when they first realized they had lost their jobs and a way of life they had got used to for decades. They never imagined being laid-off by state-owned enterprises; they never considered other kinds of employment. For them, the private sector meant taking risks; housekeeping implied lower social status. Gao Yunfang, 44, is a pioneer who is breaking the ice. She sells the Beijing Morning Post in the morning, and works at two households in the afternoon. She earns 1,000 yuan per month. So she no longer worries about her daughter’s tuition at a university in Shanghai.
52． What is talked about in the passage? A．Home service. B．Modern city life. C．Laid-off workers. D．Social status.
正确答案：A
解析：本题是个主旨题。本篇文章一开始，就提及文章主题，那就是家政服务。
53． What does the word “laid-off” in the passage mean? A．Heavily-burdened. B．Old.
C．Inexperienced. D．Jobless.
正确答案：D
解析：本题是个同义转换题。考生可能对此词非常熟悉，laid-off和jobless同义，意为“失业”。如果不熟悉，可锁定文章的第四段和第五段，第四段段末用到laid-off，而第五段段首用到jobless，由此可以判断两词是同义词。
54． Why were many laid-off workers at a loss?
A．Because they didn’t get used to the new way of life. B．Because they are too old to find a new job. C．Because they dislike being laid off.
D．Because they think they lost their social status.
正确答案：A
解析：本题是个细节题。根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第五段。下岗职工感到茫然的原因是他们第一次意识到要和原来的生活方式告别，过一种全新的生活。
55． Why didn’t the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past? A．Low salary.
B．Lower social status. C．Dirty working condition. D．Too much extra work.
正确答案：B
解析：本题是个细节题。根据题干，考生可锁定文章的第六段。他们从未考虑过其他职业，家政服务暗示较低的社会地位。由此判断B为正确选项。
56． In which way is home service industry good for our society? A．It meets the needs of modern life.
B．It provides work opportunities for laid-off workers. C．It is a new industry. D．Both A and B.
正确答案：D 解析：本题是个建立在细节上的主旨题。文章的第二段和第三段讲到了家政业给中国经济带来的好处：一是提供了更多的就业机会；二是满足了现代城市生活的需求。
Part Ⅳ Translation
57． 中国传统婚礼是华夏文化的精粹。中国古人认为黄昏是一天中最吉利的时间，所以会在黄昏举行婚礼。中国人喜爱红，将红色看作是幸福、成功、好运、忠诚和繁荣的象征。因此在传统中国婚礼上，主色调是红色，有红色的蜡烛、红色的缎带(ribbon)、红花和新娘的红衣和红鞋。新娘吃的食物也是一种文化象征。新娘一般会吃红枣(red date)、花生、桂圆(longan)和瓜子(melon seed)，其中的象征意义可以从这四种食物的读音中看出。当这四种食物放在一起读时就是“早生贵子”。
正确答案： Chinese traditional wedding is the essence of Chinese culture. Chinese ancestors believed that dusk is the luckiest time in a day; therefore, the wedding ceremony was held at dusk. Chinese people are fond of the red color, and regard the red color as a symbol of happiness, success, good luck, loyalty and prosperity. As a result, on Chinese traditional wedding ceremony, the principal color is red. There are red candles, red ribbon, red flowers as well as the red clothes and
shoes worn by the bride. Meanwhile, the food the bride eats is also full of cultural significance. The bride usually will eat red dates, peanuts, longans and melon seeds, whose symbolic meaning is so obvious in the Chinese pronunciations of these four foods. When pronounced together, it sounds like “zao sheng gui zi (Have a lovely baby soon)”.
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