第04讲_时间和方位介词
知识图谱
-时间介词-方位介词表“在…时”的时间介词常见时间介词辨析表“在…位置”的介词表“在…方位”的介词常见方位介词辨析第04讲_时间和方位介词
错题回顾
时间介词
知识精讲
介词是一种“媒介”词，是用来表示句子中某一个词或短语与另外一个词或短语之间的关系的词。
一、表“在……时”的时间介词
用法 示例 in the 20th century, 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、 月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s thirties on May 1st, on Monday, on 表示具体某一天及对某一天的早、中、晚进行详细描述。 on New Year’s Day, on a cold night, on Sunday afternoon 表示某一具体时刻或钟点，有时也表at 示在某一节假日；若把一段时间看作某一时刻也可用at。 at 3:20, at Christmas, at the beginning of, at night, at noon, at this moment in 二、常见时间介词辨析 1. in和after
用法 “in +时间段” 表示将来的一段时间以后，用于将 来时。 示例 My mother will come back in three days. She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon. in after+将来时间点” 表示将来的某一时刻以后, after 用于将来时。 2. since和for 用法 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，后接表过去 的句子或者是过去的时间点，通常since 与完成时连 用。 示例 1. They have lived here since 1978. 2. They have lived here since I was ten years old. for 表示动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用完成时。 I have studied English for two years. 3. by和till/ until 用法 表示时间，指“到……以前”、by “到……时（为止）”，此时要注意它所连用的时态。 示例 I had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term. 1. I will work here until six o’clock. 2. The noise of 1. until/ till表示“直until/ 到……” 表示动作持续到什么时候，常与表示延续性till 的动词连用；
2. not…until… 表示“直到……才……”，常与表示瞬间性的动词连用。 三点剖析 一、考点：时间in/ on/ at介词的用法。 二、重难点：时间介词的辨析及用法。 the street didn’t stop until midnight. 时间介词是中考的考查重点。时间介词的中考题主要以单项选择以及完形填空等题型来考查。 注意：during表示事件发生在何时（when），意为“在……期间内”的行为或状态。in 表示时间段，相当于during，但是注意在选择的时候一定要优先选择during。 例：They visited many cities during their stay in China. 他们在中国期间，游览了许多城市。 题模精讲 题模一 表“在…时”的时间介词 例1.1、 He often goes to school by bike _________ the morning. A、 at
B、 in
C、 on
D、 for
例1.2、
They started off _________ an autumn afternoon. A、 at
B、 in
C、 on
D、 during
例1.3、
用适当的时间介词填空。
I often got up _________ 6 o’clock when I worked in the company _________2008.
题模二 常见时间介词辨析
例2.1、
Shanghai Disneyland has started to be built and it will be open_________ five years. A、 in
B、 for
C、 from
D、 before
例2.2、
My uncle has worked at this factory _________ five years. A、 since
B、 for
C、 after
D、 until
例2.3、
He lived with his parents _________ he graduated from college. A、 during
B、 for
C、 by
D、 until
随堂练习
随练1.1、
My uncle has worked at this factory _________ five years. A、 since
B、 for
C、 after
D、 until
随练1.2、
Both Mary and Betty will get married this year. Mary is going to begin their honeymoon _________
Christmas while Betty _________ New Year’s Day.
A、 on; on
B、 at; in
C、 at; on
D、 by; on
随练1.3、
根据句意，用适当的时间介词填空。
They will have a party _________ the afternoon _________ June 1st.
随练1.4、
Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Pairs _________ the morning of July 9.
随练1.5、
Our English teacher often get to school _________ 7:00 in the morning.
随练1.6、
He lives with us _________ these years.
随练1.7、
Suffering from the terrible earthquake, the victims often awake several times _________ a cold night. A、 on
B、 at
C、 in
D、 during
随练1.8、
I’d like to call on my uncle _________ my stay in Beijing this summer. A、 during
B、 in
C、 at
D、 for
随练1.9、
There was a terrible storm _________ the night; it rained _________ four or five hours. A、 during; during
B、 during; for
C、 for; for
D、 for; during
随练1.10、
--- _________ you _________ a new phone yet? --- Yes. I _________ it a moment ago. A、 Did, buy; bought
B、 Have, bought; bought
C、 Have, bought; buyed
D、 Will, buy; buy
随练1.11、
My father didn’t sleep _________ he finished his work. A、 before
B、 after
C、 since
D、 until
随练1.12、
--- Do you often go to Shanghai?
--- Yes, I have been there twice _________ Christmas. A、 for
B、 since
C、 at
D、 on
随练1.13、
He hasn’t heard from her friend _________ a long time.
随练1.14、
_________ the end of this term, we had learned 1000Englsh words.
随练1.15、
I waited for my mother _________ 10 o’clock.
方位介词
知识精讲
一、表“在……位置”的介词
at, in at 用法 表示在小地点，如火车站、家、办公室等； 表示在大地点，如国家、城市等。 示例 Yesterday I arrived at school. Yesterday I arrived in Beijing. in 二、表“在……方位”的介词 1. in, on, to in 用法 表示在范围内； 示例 Jiangsu lies in the east of China. Russia lies on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. on 表示毗邻，接壤； 表示在……范围外，强调不接壤。 to 2. above, over, on “在……上” 用法 示例 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 指在……上方，不强调是否垂直，above 与below 相对； 指垂直的上方，与under 相对，但over over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触； on 3. under, below “在……下” 用法 表示某物体上面并与之接触。 示例
under 表示在……正下方，强调垂直； 表示在……下方，不一定在正下方。 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. below 三、常见方位介词辨析 1. between和among 用法 示例 There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground. The teacher is standing among the students. between 指在两个人或两个事物之间； among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 2. across和through 用法 示例 She went across the street. 介词，表示“横过”，即从物across 体表面通过； cross 动词，表示“跨过、越过”=go Don’t cross the road. across； 介词，表示“穿过”，即从物体内部穿过。 He walked through the forest. through 3. along和over 用法 表示“沿着”街、路、河岸等线形物； 示例 There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. The bear went over the along over 表示“越过”某一障碍物。
mountain. 4. near, by, beside near 用法 示例 表示“在……附近”，与far A hospital was built near 相对； the railway station. He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. by/ by = beside, 表示“靠近，在……旁边”，比beside near 距离更近。 5. in front of 和in the front of 用法 示例 He is standing in front of the bus. He is in the front of the classroom. in front 表示“在……之前”（范of 围外）； in the front of 6. in the tree和on the tree in the tree on the tree 三点剖析 一、考点： 用法 表示“人或者动物等外界的东西在 树上，不是长在树上”； 表示“树叶或者果实等长在树上”。 表示“在……的前部 ”（范围内）。 示例 The boy is in the tree. Those apples are on the tree.
介词虽然是一种虚词，自身不能单独充当句子成分，但它是英语中最活跃、最难掌握的词类之一。中考对介词的考点主要集中在介词的基本用法上。地点或方位介词在中考单选和完形里面也是多次出现。
二、重难点：注意近义词词组的辨析，在使用时要注意根据语境和语法去选择。比如：
1.表“在……位置”的介词at, in； 2. 表“在……方位”的介词：
1) in, on, to；2) above, over, on 在……上；3) under, below
在……下。
3. 常见方位介词辨析：
1) between和among；2) across和through；3) along和over；
4) near, by和beside；5) in front of 和in the front of；6) in
the tree和on the tree。 题模精讲
题模一 表“在…位置”的介词
例1.1、
Maria is leaving for France soon by air. She’ll arrive _________ Paris on the morning of August 8th. A、 at
B、 in
C、 on
D、 to
例1.2、
Please wait for me _________ the bus station. A、 at
B、 in
C、 to
D、 under
题模二 表“在…方位”的介词
例2.1、
China lies _________ the east of Asia and _________ the north of Australia.
A、 to; to
B、 in; to
C、 to; in
D、 in; on
例2.2、
The sun rises _________ the horizon. A、 over
B、 on
C、 above
D、 under
例2.3、
I want to have a rest _________ the tree. A、 blew
B、 under
C、 above
D、 over
题模三 常见方位介词辨析
例3.1、
用适当的方位介词填空。
His grades in the exam put him _________ the top students in his class.
例3.2、
---Excuse me, where is the bookstore?
---Go _________ the bridge. You’ll see it on your left. A、 on
B、 cross
C、 across
D、 through
例3.3、
Sean has formed the habit of jogging _________ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A、 between
B、 along
C、 below
D、 with
例3.4、
There are some apples _________ the tree and some birds are singing _________ the tree. A、 on; in
B、 in; on
C、 on; on
D、 in; in
随堂练习
随练2.1、
根据汉语提示，用正确的介词完成句子。 --- Where is you Chinese teacher?
--- He’s _________ the meeting room. （在会议室）
随练2.2、
Alan found a bird’s nest __________ the tree. （在树上）
随练2.3、
He said that he would meet us _________ the station. A、 on
B、 at
C、 of
D、 to
随练2.4、
He lives _________ England, _________ London. A、 to; in
B、 at; in
C、 in; at
D、 in; in
随练2.5、
Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’s _________ the east of Fujian. A、 in
B、 on
C、 to
D、 at
随练2.6、
The apples rotted (烂) _________ the tree. A、 in
B、 on
C、 above
D、 over
随练2.7、
Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’s _________the east of Fujian. A、 in
B、 on
C、 to
D、 at
随练2.8、
There is a cup _________ the desk. （在桌上）
随练2.9、
Raise your hands _________ your head. （举过你的头）
随练2.10、
They have designed a system which pumps up water from 70m _________ ground. （地下70米处）
随练2.11、
_________ the bridge, you will see a big building. （穿过这座桥）
随练2.12、
He left the table to stand _________ the two men. （站在两个男人之间）
随练2.13、
Newman walked _________ the street alone. （沿着街道）
随练2.14、
The sun rose _________ the horizon. A、 over
B、 above
C、 blew
D、 on
随练2.15、
There is a striped sofa _________ the wall. A、 in
B、 on
C、 along
D、 across
随练2.16、
I have an uncle. He lives _________ Shanghai. （住在上海）
随练2.17、
China is _________ the west of Japan. （在日本西部） 自我总结 课后作业
作业1、
A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal _________ April 25th, 2015. A、 at
B、 in
C、 on
D、 to
作业2、
We usually have breakfast _________ 8:00 every day. A、 of
B、 in
C、 on
D、 at
作业3、
I lived with my grandparents _________ 2010. A、 at
B、 in
C、 on
D、 to
作业4、
The girl left her home _________ a cold winter evening. A、 on
B、 in
C、 at
D、 of
作业5、
Lucy lived in Beijing from 2010 _________ 2015. A、 at
B、 to
C、 on
D、 in
作业6、
--- How soon will his father come back from London? --- _________ a week. A、 at
B、 after
C、 for
D、 in
作业7、
The 30th Olympic Games will be held 2012. A、 on
B、 at
C、 in
D、 of
作业8、
Miss Brown has taught physics _________ twenty years. A、 for
B、 since
C、 until
D、 after
作业9、
You _________ get off the bus _________ it stopped.
A、 didn’t; before
B、 didn’t; until
C、 have been; after
D、 have gone; until
作业10、
My son has been ill _________ Last Friday. A、 for
B、 in
C、 since
D、 at
作业11、
根据汉语提示，用正确的方位介词完成句子 --- Where are my books?
--- They are _________ the sofa.（沙发上）
作业12、
He lives _________ Paris. （住在上海）
作业13、
Viet Nam (越南) is _________ the south of China. （位于中国南部）
作业14、
An airplane flew _________ our heads. （头上飞过）
作业15、
—— Is your father home?
—— No, he’s working late ____ the office. A、 on
B、 at
C、 of
D、 to
作业16、
Don’t drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _________ the tunnel. （穿过隧道）
作业17、
We have arranged work _________ the students. （在学生当中）
作业18、
There is a small village _________ the mountain. （山脚下）
作业19、
My mom has a habit of jogging _________ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning. （沿着金川河）
作业20、
---Is your father home?
---No, he’s working late _________ the office. A、 on
B、 at
C、 of
D、 to
作业21、
Xingtai is located __________ the north of Hebei. A、 in
B、 on
C、 to
D、 off
作业22、
--- Do you see the sign “No Smoking”_________ the wall? ---Sorry, I didn’t. A、 about
B、 over
C、 in
D、 on
作业23、
He arrived _________ 9:00 and 10:00 last night. A、 among
B、 between
C、 on
D、 in
作业24、
I’d like to trek _________ the jungle, because I like exciting vacations
A、 through
B、 across
C、 cross
D、 in
作业25、
The pay phone is _________ the library. A、 in front of
C、 on the front of
B、 in the front of
D、 on front of
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