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最新中考英语复习重要知识点精编

2022-10-12 来源:好兔宠物网
最新中考英语复习重要知识点精编

知识点总结:mind的用法:你真的mind吗 ................................................................................. 知识点总结:英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别 ............................................................................. 知识点总结:had better的用法讲解 ............................................................................................... 知识点总结:with 用法全解 ............................................................................................................ 知识点总结:用心去“发现”区别 ................................................................................................. 知识点总结:for;since .................................................................................................................... 知识点总结:must用法详解 ............................................................................................................ 知识点总结:pick up的意义知多少 ................................................................................................ 知识点总结:if 和 whether用法 .................................................................................................... 知识点总结:分类词汇:关于城市的常见英语词汇 ..................................................................... 知识点总结:巧记单词 词语点(strict与look up) .......................................................................... 知识点总结:使用asleep应注意的三点 ......................................................................................... 知识点总结:and的五种用法 .......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:good 与 well 的用法比较 ........................................................................................ 知识点总结:when, while, as的用法区别 ....................................................................................... 知识点总结:add的几个短语 .......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:all与whole的区别 .................................................................................................... 知识点总结:ago 与before的区别 ................................................................................................ 知识点总结:every 与 each 的用法区别 ...................................................................................... 知识点总结:mind的用法 ................................................................................................................ 知识点总结:and还是or ................................................................................................................. 知识点总结:almost 与 nearly的用法异同 ................................................................................... 知识点总结:sometime, some time, sometimes的用法区别 ......................................................... 知识点总结:much too与too much的用法区别 ........................................................................... 知识点总结:every与each的用法区别 ......................................................................................... 知识点总结:(a) few与(a) little的用法区别 ................................................................................... 知识点总结:ahead of与go ahead .................................................................................................. 知识点总结:有关air的三个常用短语 ........................................................................................... 知识点总结:all短语用法详解 ........................................................................................................ 知识点总结:有关angry的三个搭配 .............................................................................................. 知识点总结:advise用法详解 .......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:afraid用法详解 ........................................................................................................... 知识点总结:谈谈and all的用法 .................................................................................................... 知识点总结:about重要用法归纳 .................................................................................................. 知识点总结:使用abroad的几个易错说明 .................................................................................... 知识点总结: alone与by oneself的区别 ...................................................................................... 知识点总结:always用法说明 ......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:about,on,with的用法区别 ......................................................................................... 知识点总结:across,along,through的用法区别 ..............................................................................

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知识点总结:after与in的用法区别 ............................................................................................... 知识点总结:among与between的用法区别 ................................................................................. 知识点总结:answer与reply ........................................................................................................... 知识点总结:anxious与eager ......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:appear, look与seem .................................................................................................. 知识点总结:arrive, get与reach...................................................................................................... 知识点总结:beat, hit, strike的区别 ................................................................................................ 知识点总结:wrong的用法 .............................................................................................................. 知识点总结:would与used to的区别 ............................................................................................ 知识点总结:形容词ashamed的两个搭配 .................................................................................... 知识点总结:ask短语用法归纳 ....................................................................................................... 知识点总结:attend to的用法 ......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:attention搭配大全 ..................................................................................................... 知识点总结:behind用法与搭配 ..................................................................................................... 知识点总结:beginning习语归纳 .................................................................................................... 知识点总结:bed短语归纳 .............................................................................................................. 知识点总结:bad搭配三用法 .......................................................................................................... 知识点总结:介词above用法详解 ................................................................................................. 知识点总结:across的用法与易错说明 .......................................................................................... 知识点总结:at, in与on的用法区别 .............................................................................................. 知识点总结:almost与nearly用法区别详解 ................................................................................. 知识点总结:你知道what,which,who的区别吗 ............................................................................ 知识点总结:arrive, get与reach的用法区别 ................................................................................. 知识点总结:leave与forget的用法区别 ........................................................................................ 知识点总结:feel like用法小结 ....................................................................................................... 知识点总结:borrow与lend的三大区别 ....................................................................................... 知识点总结:because of的用法 ...................................................................................................... 知识点总结:word的搭配与用法 .................................................................................................... 知识点总结:without的几条用法说明 ........................................................................................... 知识点总结:英语中只能用复数形式的名词 ................................................................................. 知识点总结:初中英语词汇短语 .....................................................................................................

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知识点总结:mind的用法:你真的mind吗

1.Vt. 照看、照管, = look after = take care of的意思,例如: He promised to mind the baby while we were out.

Mind your own business! 管好你自己的事情。 2.Vt. 当心、注意,例如:

Mind the wet paint. 当心,油漆未干! Mind you don't fall. 小心别跌倒。 Mind, there comes the bus. 注意,车来了。

3.Vt.在乎、介意,常用于问句、否定句或条件从句,例如: Do you mind if I smoke? = Do you mind my/me smoking? If you do that, I will never mind.= I will never mind you/your doing that. 4.UC. 心、精神、智力、头脑、理性,例如: My difficulty is always in her mind.

He has a quick mind. 他头脑反应快。 He lost his mind. 他失去理智/发疯。 He is absent-minded. 他心不在焉。

5.CN. 意见、想法、记忆、有聪慧头脑的人,例如: She always speaks her mind. (直言不讳) Out of sight, out of mind. (眼不见,心不想) So many men, so many minds. (人各有志) He is one of today's greatest minds. (伟人)

知识点总结:英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别

put on, pull on, wear,have on , dress,in的用法区别

(1)put on 和pull on 穿上;戴上。相当于及物动词,以衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的动作。put on 为普通用语;pull on多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地穿上。 ①It's cold outside.You'd better put on your hat.外面很冷,你最好戴上帽子。

②She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣,匆忙地走了。

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(2)wear 和have on 穿着;戴着。相当于及物动词,有衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的状态。have on不用于进行时态。

①He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。 ②She is wearing/has on a red coat她穿着红大衣。

(3)dress 穿;戴。可用作及物动词,以人作宾语,即dress sb.(给某人穿衣);也可用作不及物动词。既可强调动作,又可表示状态,表示状态时常用be dressed in 结构。此外dress还可用作名词。

①Mary is dressing her daughter.玛丽正给她女儿穿衣服。 ②She usually dresses well.她总是穿得很好。 ③He is dressed in a black jacket.他穿着黑上衣。

(4)in 穿着;戴着。是介词,以衣物或表示颜色的名词作宾语,表示状态。构成的介词短词可作表语或定语。

①My brother is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿着蓝上衣。

②The boy in a blue jacket is my brother.穿蓝上衣的孩子是我弟弟。 ③My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿着蓝衣服。 had better 的用法讲解

知识点总结:had better的用法讲解

1.had better的基本用法特点

其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为'd。如:

You'd better get some sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。 We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。

2.had better如何构成否定式和疑问式

构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后 (而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。 如:I'd better not disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。 What had we better do?我们最好怎么办?

【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。

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如:Hadn't we better go now?我们是不是现在就去呢? 3.had better后接进行式和完成式动词

有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事;也可接完成式动词,表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。

如:I think I'd better be going.我想我最好还是马上走。

You'd better be getting your clothes ready.你最好马上把衣服准备好。 You had better have done that.你最好把那事做完。 You had better have stayed here. 你本来应该呆在这儿的。 4.有关had better的几点用法说明 (1)had better

用于提出建议或请求时,并不是一个很客气委婉的表达,它暗示对方有义务去做某事,因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等,而不宜反过来用。

(2)had best与had better用法和含义均差不多,但不如had better普通。 如:You had best get home before mid-night.你最好在午夜之前回到家里。 We had best be going.我们最好现在就走。 (3)有时可省略其中的had。如:

You better stop arguing.你们最好不要争论了。 Better not wait for him.最好不要等他了。 Better say yes, if they ask you. 如果他们问你,你最好说“是”。

(4)有时为了强调,可将better置于had之前。

“I promise I'll pay you back.”“You better had.”“我保证还给你。”“你最好还给我。”

知识点总结:with 用法全解

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾

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语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:

1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例:

1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法

with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 1. 带着,牵着„„ (表动作特征)。如: Run with the kite like this.

2. 附加、附带着„„(表事物特征)。如:

A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish. 3. 和„„ (某人)一起。

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a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈„„) 。如: Now I am in China with my parents. Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends. He / She's talking with a friend.

b. 跟go, come 连用,有 \"加入\"到某方的意思。如: Do you want to come with me? 4. 和play一起构成短语动词play with 意为\"玩耍„„,玩弄„„\" 如: Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.

5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为\"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)\"。如: On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English. 6. 表示面部神情,有“含着„„,带着„„” 如: \"I'm late for school,\" said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes. 7. 表示 \"用„„\" 如: You play it with your feet.

What do the farmers do with your machines? 8. 表示 \"对„„, 关于„„\"。如: What's wrong with it?

There's something wrong with my computer. 三、with结构的特点

1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点重要的考点说明:

1. with结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号

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分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2. with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别:在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路) With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路) He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)

3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别: with结构具有上述功能和特点,而\"介词with+名词或代词(组)\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系: with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如:

There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(\"with+复合宾语\"结构,在句中作定语)

A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)

The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)

Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

知识点总结:用心去“发现”区别

1.discover; look for;find;find out;invent

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discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。例如: Who discovered America in 1492?是谁在1492年发现美洲大陆的? It was discovered in Liaoning Province.它是在辽宁省被发现的。 look for作“寻找”解时,指寻找的动作和过程。例如: Are you still looking for that place?你还在找那个地方吗? find指寻找的结果,即“找到”,通常指偶然发现。例如:

I'm looking for my pen,but I can't find it.我在找我的钢笔,但是没找到。 My bike was found last week.我的自行车是上星期找到的。

find out指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白。例如: Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候开。

When he was a child,he liked to find out how things worked.当他还是个孩子时,就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。

invent指发明原来不存在的东西。例如: Who invented the computer?谁发明了电脑?

In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented.十七世纪时,加法机被发明了。

2.found;founded

found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个原形动词,意为“建立”、“成立”。例如:

My father found work in Paris.我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。 He was trying to found a new hospital.他在努力创建一家新医院。 founded为规则动词found的过去式和过去分词。例如:

The PRC was founded on October 1,1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。 for与since 的辨析

知识点总结:for;since

for与since都能与现在完成时连用,但区别较大:

for后须接“时间段”,since后须接“时间点”,二者可以转换,均须与延续性动词连用,也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。如: He has been here for two years.=He has been here since two years ago.他来这里已有两

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年了。

—How long have you had this book?这本书你买多久了? —For a week./Since a week ago.买一周了。

We haven't heard from him for a month.我们已有一个月没收到他的来信了。

since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时),而for则不能。如:

He has taught here since he came to China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 It is /has been an hour since he left here.他离开这儿已有一小时了。

知识点总结:must用法详解

1. 表示“必须”、“一定要”

(1) 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;用于否定句时,mustn't 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”,而不是“不必”。如:

You must finish it today. 你一定要在今天完成它。 You must see the doctor. 你一定要看医生。 Must you go so soon? 你一定得这么早就走吗?

We mustn't think only of ourselves. 我们可不能只考虑自己。

(2) 主要表示现在或将来,但有时(如在间接引语中)也可表过去(=had to)。如: She asked if she must (had to) leave. 她问她是否一定要离开。

(3) 对于must 开头一般疑问句,若要作否定回答,可用needn't、don't have to,不用mustn't。如:

\"Must I come over tonight?\" \"No, you needn't.\" “我今晚必须过来吗?”“不必。” (4) 其后可接被动结构或进行形式。如:

Something must be done to stop it. 必须采取措施来阻止它。 I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。 2. 表示推测

意为“准是”、“一定是”,注意以下几点。如:

(1) 通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。如: It must be true. 那一定是真的。

比较。如:Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗? / It can't be true. 那不可能是真的。

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(2) 后接动词原形,表示对现在情况的推测。如: He must be wrong. 他一定错了。

The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。

【注】must 表示对现在情况的推测后接动词原形时,该动词通常为状态动词(如 be, have, know 等),若为动作动词,通常要转换其他说法。如要表示“他一定会赢”,通常不说He must win,可说He is sure to win。(He must win的意思是“他必须要赢”)

(3) 其后可接进行式或完成进行式,用以谈论一个正在进行的动作。如: He must be writing a letter to his girl friend. 他一定在给他女朋友写信。 Someone must have been smoking here.一定有人一直在这里抽烟。 (4) 后接完成式,用来谈论已发生的情况。如: He must have arrived already.他一定已经到了。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没有听到电话铃,我一定是睡着了。 3. 表示“应当”

相当于should, ought to的意思。如:

You must say hello to her.你应当跟她打个招呼。

We must go and have a weekend there.我们应当到那里度周末。 4. 表示“偏偏”

有时表示不巧,有时表示固执,通常都是指令人不快的事。如: Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗? Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么硬是老要打断我?

We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. 我们刚准备好要走, 可孩子偏偏得了感冒。

Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候,邻居偏偏过来聊天。

知识点总结:pick up的意义知多少

1. pick up最基本的含义是“拾起;捡起;拿起”?例如:

The Young Pioneer turned over to the police the wallet he had picked up in the street. 那位少先队员把他在街上拾到的钱包交给了警察?

Having played for a while, the boys picked up their school bags from the ground and went

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home. 男孩子们玩耍了一阵子之后,便从地上捡起书包回家去了?

She picked up the dictionary and began to look up the new word in it. 她拿起词典,开始查这个生词?

2. pick up有“(用车)接(某人);(中途)搭载(乘客)”之意?例如:

Wait here and I'll pick you up at three o'clock. 在这儿等着,三点钟我用车来接你? The bus stopped several times to pick up passengers. 汽车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车? 3. pick up有“(无线电等)收听到;(雷达等)测知”之意?例如:

I picked up Fujian on the radio last night. 我昨天晚上收听到了福建广播电台?

An intruding enemy plane was picked up by our radar then. 当时我方雷达发现了一架入侵的敌机?

4. pick up有“意外发现;无意中学到;意外获得”之意?例如:

Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a beautiful poem. 昨晚在浏览晚报时,我偶然发现上面有一首好诗?

While working on the farm, the students picked up a lot of knowledge on agriculture. 在农场劳动时,学生们学到许多农业方面的知识?

Besides his regular wages, the driver picks up money in tips. 除领取正常工资外,那位司机还可以收到小费?

5. pick up有“使人精神振作;使人恢复健康”之意?例如:

A good rest picked the tired players up. 好好地休息了一下,这些疲惫的运动员们便精神振作起来?

A bit of exercise will pick the patient up. 稍微运动运动就能使这位病人恢复健康? 6. pick up有“收拾;整理”之意?例如:

Let's pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before we go out. 我们出去之前,先把地板上的东西收拾干净,再把房间搞整洁?

The teacher told the students to pick up the books and the exercise books on the desks. 老师叫学生们把书桌上的课本和练习本整理好? 7. pick up有“购买;提取”之意?例如:

His wife told him to pick up some picture books for the children on his way back. 他妻子叫他在回家的路上给孩子们买几本连环画书?

He went to the left-luggage office to pick up his bags just now. 他刚才去行李寄存处取回

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了他的包?

8. pick up有“看到;瞥见”之意?例如:

When we picked up the pagoda in the distance, we knew we were nearing the city. 一看到远处的宝塔,我们就知道离那个城市不远了?

Upon picking up the rags, the old man couldn't help thinking of the bitter life before liberation. 一瞥见那些破衣烂衫,老人就忍不住想起解放前的悲惨生活? 9. pick up有“(跌倒后)重新爬起来”之意?例如:

She fell on the slippery road, but quickly picked herself up. 她滑倒在路上,但马上又爬了起来?

The mother told her child who had fallen over to pick himself up. 那个母亲告诉孩子,跌倒了自己爬起来?

10. pick up有“重提(话题等);继续(谈)”之意?例如:

He picked up the story where he had left it the day before. 他接着往下讲前一天没有讲完的故事?

After the break, she picked up our conversation. 休息后她继续和我们谈话? 11. pick up有“营救;抢救”之意?例如:

Survivors of the shipwreck were picked up by small boats. 失事船上的幸存者被几艘小船救了上来?

Although the fire spread through the hospital very quickly, the firemen were able to pick up all the patients. 大火在这家医院里迅速蔓延开来,但消防队员们却成功地把所有的病人都救了出来?

12. pick up也有“逮住;抓住”之意?例如:

The fleeing culprit was picked up within twenty-four hours. 那名逃犯在二十四小时之内就被抓获了?

The thief was picked up stealing and was taken to the police station. 那个盗贼在作案时被抓住,并被带到了警察局?

13. pick up也有“闻有(味道);嗅出(气味)”的意思?例如:

While reading, she suddenly picked up something burning. 她在看书时,突然闻到有什么东西烧着了?

The hound picked up the fox's smell and started to chase after it. 猎犬嗅出了狐狸的气味,

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便开始跟踪追赶?

14. pick up还有“(天气)变晴;(产量)上升;(速度)加快”之意?例如:

It looks as though the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就要变晴了? The output picked up again in the following year. 第二年产量又上去了?

About two kilometres out of the station, the train began to pick up speed. 驶出车站大约两公里之后,火车便开始加快速度?

知识点总结:if 和 whether用法

whether和if用法相同吗?

[老师]有时相同,有时不同。 whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如:

She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.她问我是否能帮她学英语。 I don't know if/whether it is going to rain.我不知道是否会下雨。 它们之间的相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢? [老师]在下列六种情况下,只能用whether,不能用 if: 1.在带to的动词不定式前。例如:

She hasn't decided whether to go or not.她还没有决定去还是不去。

He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 2.在介词后面。例如:

I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼。 I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not.她来不来,我不感兴趣。 3.直接与or not连用时。例如:

I can't say whether or no the will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准。

I don't know whether or not they will come to help us.我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们。 4.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中。例如:

We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会。

5.宾语从句提前时只能用whether。例如:

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Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是不是真的,我说不准。 6.引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether。例如: Whether he is right or wrong is a question.他是对还是错仍是个问题。 The question was whether he went there last night.问题是他昨晚去没去那里。 那么,在什么情况下用if不用whether呢? [老师]在下面三种情况下用if不用whether:

1.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果”时,不可用 whether代替。例如: We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好,我们将去游泳。 We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们将去徒步旅行。 2.引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if。例如:

He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework.他问我是否没有完成作业。

3.状语从句中的even if(即使)和as if(好像)中的if不能用whether来替代。例如: I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free.即使你有空,我也不让你看电视。 He talks as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了。 OK,讲了这么多,不知你听明白了吗? 听明白了。Thank you,sir. 城市、公共设施等如何用英文表达

知识点总结:分类词汇:关于城市的常见英语词汇

centre of population 城市 city 城 capital 首都 metropolis 大都市

centre 市中心 (美作:center) shopping centre 商业区 municipality 市政当局 municipal 市的,市政的 district 区

residential area 居民区,住宅区 urban 市区的

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suburb 近郊区 outskirts 郊区 slums 贫民窟,贫民区 shantytown 贫民区 village 村 hamlet 小村

hole, dump 狭小破旧的住房 locality 所在地 Chinese quarter 唐人街 extension 范围,扩展 house 房子 building 楼房 skyscraper 摩天楼 flat 居住单元,套房 shop, store 商店

department stores 百货公司 bazaar, bazaar 市场 market 市场,集市 junk shop 旧货店 newsstand 报摊

Commodity Exchange 商品交易所 Stock Exchange 股票交易所 town hall 市政厅 Lawcourt 法院 church 教堂 cathedral 大教堂 chapel 小礼拜堂 cemetery 墓地,公墓 grave, tomb 坟,墓 school 学校

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university 大学 library 图书馆

theatre 剧院 (美作:theater) museum 博物馆 zoological garden 动物园 fairground, fun fair 游乐园 stadium 体育场 general post office 邮局 station 车站 art museum 美术馆 art gallery 画廊 botanical garden 植物园 monument 纪念碑 public telephone 公共电话 public lavatory 公共厕所 national highway 国道 traffic light 交通灯 barracks 兵营

知识点总结:巧记单词 词语点(strict与look up)

strict

1. strict是形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”,可作表语也可作定语。如: Our head teacher is very strict, but we still need many strict rules. 我们的班主任非常严格,但是我们还需要许多严格的制度。

2. 我们常见短语be strict with sb.,意为“对某人严格要求”,以及be strict in (doing) sth., 意为“对(做)某事严格要求”。如: Mr. Smith is very strict with his children. 史密斯先生对他的孩子们要求十分严格。 We should be strict in (doing) our work. 对工作我们应该严格要求。

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look up

1. 表示“(在词典、参考书等中)查阅„„”。若宾语是名词,常放在look up之后。若宾语是代词,则要放在look up之间。如:

It is a good habit to look up new words in a dictionary. 在词典里查生词是一个良好的习惯。

If you forget my number, you can look it up in the phone book. 如果你忘了我的号码,你可以在电话薄里查找。 2. 表示“向上看”。如:

Don't look up, the lights are too strong. 别抬头看,灯光太强了。

【跟踪练习】用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 look up, be strict in, be strict with

1. If you don't know how to read this word, please _____ it _______ in the dictionary. 2. Our teachers __________ us, but I think it's good for our studies. 3. Everyone should ____________ his work and study. 4. She ____________ and saw a lot of birds flying in the sky.

Key: 1. look; up 2. are strict with 3. be strict in 4. looked up

知识点总结:使用asleep应注意的三点

1. 是表语形容词,所以一般不能单独放在名词前作定语。如: 正:The baby is asleep. 这婴儿是睡着的。 误:Look at the asleep baby.

正:Look at the sleeping baby. 瞧这个睡觉的婴儿。

注:asleep 虽不能单独放在名词前作前位定语,但有时却可放在名词后作后置定语。如: The boy asleep over there is my nephew. 睡在那儿的那个孩子是我侄儿。

2. 汉语的“睡得很熟”,英语习惯上用 fast [sound] asleep, 而不说 very (much, very much) asleep。如:

You will be fast [sound] asleep by the time we get home. 等我们到家时,你会睡得很熟了。 Don't wake her up—she is fast [sound] asleep. 别吵醒她,她睡得正香。

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当时她的孩子睡得很熟。 误:Her child was very asleep. 正:Her child was fast [sound] asleep. 3. fall asleep 是习语,意为“入睡”。如:

She fell asleep during the meeting. 开会时她睡着了。 He fell asleep (while) watching TV. 他在看电视时睡着了。 注:fall asleep 为终止性动词,不能与一段时间连用。如: 这个值班的人睡着有半个小时了。

误:The man on guard fell asleep for half an hour. 正:The man on guard has been asleep for half an hour.

知识点总结:and的五种用法

连词and是英语中一个十分有用的词,它在初中英语中一共有五种用法,你都知道吗? 一、表并列

表示并列,既可连接两个词或短语,也可连接两个句子,意为“和”“又”“而且”。如: We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。 I went and she went too. 我去了,她也去了。 二、表示连续性

有时用于连接两个相同的词语,表示动作的持续或反复。如: The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。 I tried again and again. 我试了又试。

另外,它还可用于连接两个相同的比较级,表示程度不断加深。如: The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。 It was raining harder and harder. 雨越下越大。 三、表示目的

在口语中用在 come, go, try, wait 等之后表示目的,大致相当于不定式符号 to。如: Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。

Try and finish the work in a week. 设法在一周之内完成这项工作。 四、表示结果

用在祈使句后,可表示结果,意为“那么”。如:

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Work hard and you'll succeed. 努力干吧,你会成功的。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。 注:这类句子通常可用if引导的条件状语从句来改写。如: If you work hard, you'll succeed. 努力干吧,你会成功的。 If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。 五、表示加法

有时用于连接数词,表示将它们相加。如: What does two and five make? 二加五等于多少? Four and three makes eleven. 四加三等于七。

知识点总结:good 与 well 的用法比较

一、从词性用法上比较

1. good 只用作形容词,不用作副词,其副词形式用 well。如: He speaks good English. 他的英语说得好。 He speaks English well. 他的英语说得好。

2. well 既可用作副词,也可用作形容词。用作形容词时,其用法很有限,只表示“健康的”“恰当的”或“令人满意的”等。如: She is very well. 她身体很好。

Things are well with us. 我们事事如意。

注:一般说来,well 用作形容词时,只用作表语而不用作定语(如上例),但在美国英语中,well 表示“身体健康”时有时也可用作定语。 二、从相关短语用法上比较

be good at 与 do well in:两者均可表示“擅长”。如: He is good at languages. 他擅长学语言。 She is good at telling stories. 她擅于讲故事。

They all did very well in the examination. 他们这次都考得很不错。 注:表示擅长某一学科时,也可用be good in。如: He is good at [in] maths. 他擅长数学。

2. as good as 与 as well as:用于本义时,两者均可表示“与„„一样好”,但 good 是形容词,而 well 是副词。如:

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他说英语说得跟她一样好。 正:He speaks English as well as her. 正:His English is as good as hers.

但是,用于引申义时,两者的意思很不相同:as good as 意为“几乎”“差不多”(=almost),as well as 意为“而且”。如:

The work is as good as finished. 工作差不多干完了。 He as good as said I'm a liar. 他无异于说我撒谎。 She's clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮,而且聪明。

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿, 而且还伤了胳膊

知识点总结:when, while, as的用法区别

三者可表示“当„时候”,区别如下:

1. 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者都可用: He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在„期间”时,其谓语通常不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as:

A:I'm going to the post office. 我要去邮局。

B:While you're there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗? 2. 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while:

I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。

但是,若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边„一边„”之意思,通常用 as: She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。

3. 若从句是一个短暂性动作,主句是一个持续性动作,可用 as / when 但不用 while: It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。

4. 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,用 as / when: I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。 5. 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用 as: Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。

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As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚,天气越冷。 6. 表示“每当„的时候”(暗示一种规律性),一般要用 when: It's cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。

He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。

7. 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用 when: I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。

8. when 可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”;while 也可以用作并列连词,表示“而”、“却”(表示对比);但 as 则没有类似用法:

We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时天开始下雨了。 He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶。

知识点总结:add的几个短语

1. add in 包括。如:

Don't forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。

Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗? 2. add to 增加。如:

This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。

It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴。 3. add up (1) 加起来。如:

You haven't added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。 (2) 有意义,有道理(主要用于口语中,且主要用于否定句)。如: His excuse just doesn't add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。 What he said doesn't add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。 4. add up to

(1) 加起来等于,总计。如:

The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。 The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。 (2) 总起来看说明了。如:

Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。

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The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。

知识点总结:all与whole的区别

1. 有时这两个词含义大致相同,只是位置不同:all 要放在冠词、指示找词、 物 主代词等之前,而whole 应放在这些词之后。如: all the family / the whole family 全家

2. 在复数名词前一般用all,在单数可数名词前一般要用whole。如: All the children enjoyed themselves. 所有的孩子都过得很快活。 The whole building was burning. 整座在楼都在燃烧。

注:它们在意义上有差别:all指“一个不剩”(即“全部”); whole 指“一点不缺”(即“整个”)。

3. 在不可数名词之前一般用all,而不用 whole (但偶尔有例外:the whole time / all the time; his whole energy / all his energy等),但在物质名词前是绝对不能用whole 的。如: 误:the whole money正:all the money 所有的钱 误:the whole food正:all the food 所有的食物 误:the whole wine正:all the wine 所有的酒

4. 在表地点的专有名词之前, 一般用all 而不用whole 如:all China (全中国),但可说the whole of China.

5. 在时间名词(如day, week, month, year等)以及季节名词( spring, summer, autumn, winter )之前,两者都可用。如: all (the) day / the whole day 整天 all (the) spring / the whole spring 整个春天

注:在表示时间的hour和 century 之前,一般只用whole, 不用 all 如:I waited for her the(或a) whole hour. 我等了她整整一小时。 6. 关于all of一与 the whole of:

(1) all of 的含义与用法与all 大致相同,但使用范围比要广,如一般不说 all all the book, 但可说all of the book 整本书

(2) the whole of与 whole 的意义基本相同,但其使用范围远比whole 要广。它不仅可以代替whole(如 the whole time=the whole of the time),而且还可以用于不能用whole的场合: 1)用于不可数名词(包括物质名词)之前:

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the whole of the money / the tea 全部的钱 / 茶 2)用于表地点的专有名词之前: the whole of Japan 全日本

知识点总结:ago 与before的区别

两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”(要放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但有区别:ago 从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before 则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如: I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。 He said they had left five days before. 他说他们 5 天前就离开了。

before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指一般意义的“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:

He didn't know that before. 他以前不知道此事。 I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。

知识点总结:every 与 each 的用法区别

从意义上看,两者均可表示“每一个”,但 every 侧重从总体上考虑,而 each 侧重从个体方面考虑。从用法上看,each 既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接 of 短语,而 every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用,也不能后接 of 短语;另外,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,而 every 则指三者或三者以上的“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each。如: We watch TV every evening. 我们每晚都看电视。 They each had a bedroom. 他们每人有一间卧室。

Two boys entered. Each was carrying a box. 两个男孩走了进来,每人扛着一只箱子。 The policeman wrote down every word I said. 警察把我讲的每句话都记了下来。

知识点总结:mind的用法

一、用作动词

表示“介意”、“在乎”等,其后接动词时要用动名词;表示“注意”、“当心”等,其后接动词时要用不定式。如:

Do you mind helping us? 请你帮我们一下忙好吗?

I'm sure he wouldn't mind your going with us. 我肯定他不会反对你同我们一起去。

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There will be a meeting tonight. Mind not to be late. 今晚有会议, 注意别迟到。 二、用作名词

表示“脑子”、“心思”等,通常用作可数名词。如: I've a good mind to go home. 我很想回家。 He has a mind for science. 他有学科学的头脑。

We are all of one mind on this subject. 在这个问题上我们大家意见一致。 注:在某些谚语或固定短语中,可能是不可数的。如: Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。 You must keep this in mind. 你必须记住这一点。 三、用于 Would [Do] you mind...?

1. 该句型意为“请你„„好不好?”、“倘若„„你见怪吗?”,用would 比用 do 更客气委婉,但通常不用 will;其后可接动名词(但不接不定式)或 if从句;接动名词时,根据情况可以带逻辑主语;接if 从句时,若句首用的是 Would,从句谓语通常要用过去式。比较: 我在这儿抽烟你介意吗?

正:Would [Do] you mind my smoking here? 正:Do you mind if I smoke here? 正:Would you mind if I smoked here?

2. 对该句型的回答与汉语的习惯不同,注意回答是针对 mind 而言的,即: (1)表示不同意,可用:Yes, I do mind./Please don't... / Better not, please. / I'd rather you didn't./I'm sorry, but... 等。 (2)表示同意,可用:Oh, no, please. / No, not at all./Not at all. Certainly not. / Of course not. / No, go ahead. 等。

以上回答大部分语气都比较客气,但有的语气较生硬(如 Yes, I do mind),要注意在具体语境中适当选用。

四、用于 make up one's mind(决定,决心): I've made up my mind to be a doctor. 我决定当医生。

We made up our minds to spend our holiday in the country. 我们决定到乡下去度假。

知识点总结:and还是or

一、在否定句中的用法比较

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在通常情况下,在肯定句中用and,相应的否定句中则用 or。如: He has brothers and sisters. 他有兄弟姐妹。

He has no brothers or sisters. 他既没有兄弟也没有姐妹。 They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞(即载歌载舞)。 They didn't sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。 但是,在某些特殊情况下,即使是否定句也得用and。如: Drivers must not drink and drive. 司机不准酒后驾车。 若将此句中的 and 改为 or,反而不合理了: Drivers must not drink or drive. 司机不准开车或饮酒。

又如,汉语中有个成语叫“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”,译成英语是 can't have one's cake and eat it,在该否定结构中也应用 and,不用 or,否则不合情理:

You want a regular income but don't want to work. Don't forget: you can't have your cake and eat it! 你既想有稳定的收入,又不想工作。别忘了,鱼和熊掌不可兼得呀! 二、在祈使句中的用法比较

and 和 or 均可用于祈使句后表示结果(即暗示后面的陈述句为前面祈使句的结果),注意两者意思不同:and 意为“那么”,or 意为“否则”。如:

Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你考试会及格的。 Study hard, or you will fail the exam. 努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。 这类结构通常可转换成含条件状语从句的复合句,如上面两句可改写成: If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 你若努力学习,考试会及格的。 If you don't study hard, you will fail the exam. 你若不努力学习,考试会不及格。

注意,由于 or 的意思是“否则”,所以当它前面的祈使句改写成条件状语从句时,谓语动词要用否定式。又如:

Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点,否则你就要迟到了。 =If you don't hurry, you'll be late. 你若不快点,你就要迟到了

知识点总结:almost 与 nearly的用法异同

一、相同之处

两者均可表示“几乎”“差不多”,均可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。如:

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It's almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词) He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)

He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)

Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)

注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造成错误。如: ◎他工作了几乎一整天。 正:He worked almost all day. 误:He almost worked all day.

◎我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。 正:Almost every one of us read the book. 误:Every one of us almost read the book. 二、不同之处

1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:

Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。

Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。 I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前。如:

He almost [nearly] didn't catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。

2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如: It's not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。 The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。

注:not nearly 意为“远非”,very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎”,都是习语。 3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly。如: I almost wish I'd stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。

Our cat understands everything — he's almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂——快通人性了。 also,too,either和as well用法区别 四者均可表示“也”,区别如下:

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(1) too 和 as well 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末。如:

I like you too [as well]. 我也喜欢你。 Are they coming too [as well]? 他们也来吗?

在 Me too, You too 这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well, also。如: A:I'm tired. 我累了。 B:Me too. 我也是。

(2) also 比 too 和 as well 正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。如: He also came. / He came also. 他也来了。

She is young and beautiful,and also rich. 她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。 also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词 and。如: Also, his mother was dead. 再说,他母亲又过世了。 (3) either(也)通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末。如: I don't know, either. 我也不知道。

He hasn't finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。 quite,rather,very的用法区别

三者均可表示程度,但程度的高低不同,所表达的语气也不同,一般说来,rather 比 quite 语气强,very比rather语气强。另外,在用法上它们有如下区别: (1) 这三个词中,只有 rather 可以与比较级和副词 too (太)连用: It's rather colder today. 今天冷多了。

The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习太难了点。

quite 有时也与比较级连用, 但通常只限于 quite better (身体健康)这一表达中: I'm quite better now. 我现在好多了。

(2) rather 和 quite 有时可直接修饰动词, 而 very 不能这样用: I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。 We rather like the book. 我们很喜欢这本书。

(3) 修饰right, wrong, impossible, alone等不可分级的形容词,通常只用 quite,而不用 rather 或 very。此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”: You're quite right (wrong). 你完全正确(错了)。

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That's quite impossible. 那完全不可能

知识点总结:sometime, some time, sometimes的用法区别

三者形式相似,但用法不同,区别如下:

(1) sometime 意为“某个时候”,此时也可写成 some time (即分开写): I will go home sometime [some time] next week. 下个星期的某个时候我要回家。

(2) some time 作为副词词组,意为“某个时候”(= sometime);作为名词词组,意为“一段时间”(不能写成 sometime):

I will write again some time. 我回头再给你写信。

We lived in the country for some time. 我们在农村住过一段时间。 (3) sometimes 意为“有时”:

He sometimes comes very late. 他有时来得很迟。

知识点总结:much too与too much的用法区别

两者结构相似,很容易混淆。它们在用法上的区别是:much too=too,但前者语气更强;too much=much,但前者语气更强: He drives much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。 He's much too young. 他太年轻了。

The shoes are much too small for me. 这鞋子我穿太小了。 90 miles an hour is much too fast. 一个钟头开90 英里太快了。 There is too much rain. 雨水太多了。 You're asking too much. 你要求太高。

You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。 I've got too much work to do. 我要干的工作太多。

You put too much salt in this food. 这个菜里你盐搁得太多了。

The room was small and contained far too much furniture. 房间很小而家具实在太多。 We have already taken up too much of your valuable time. 我们已经占用了你过多的宝贵时间。

知识点总结:every与each的用法区别

两者均可表示“每一个”,every侧重于从总体上考虑,而each则侧重从个体方面考虑。

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在具体使用它们注意以下几点:

1. each 既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语:

Each is good. 每个都很好。(不能用every)

Each of the students has seen it. 每个学生见过它。(不能用every)

2. each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every 指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each:

There are trees on each side of the road. 路两边都有树。 3. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰,但 each 却不能:

正:Almost every student has read the book. 差不多每个学生都读过这本书。 误:Almost each student has read the book.

知识点总结:(a) few与(a) little的用法区别

1. few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义: Few people like such things. 没什么人喜欢那样的东西。 A few people like such things. 有少数人喜欢那样的东西。

2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似: He knows little English. 他几乎不懂英语。 He knows a little English. 他懂一点点英语。

知识点总结:ahead of与go ahead

1. ahead of的用法

(1) 表示时间或空间,意为:在„„之前。如: He left one day ahead of me. 他比我早走一天。 A new life lay ahead of him. 新的生活展现在他面前。

(2) 表示能力、水平、地位或先进性等方面,意为:比„„强或高(主要用作表语)。如: He's ahead of us in English. 他的英语比我们强。 He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。

(3) 用于 ahead of time (schedule),意为:提前、提早。如:

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To my surprise he came ahead of time. 使我吃惊的是,他提前来了。 The work was done ahead of schedule. 工作提前完成了。 2. go ahead的用法

(1) 表示同意或允许,意为:说吧、做吧。如: A:Can I borrow your dictionary? 你可以用你的词典吗? B:Yes, go ahead. 可以。

A:Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟可以吗? B:No, go ahead. 没关系,你抽吧。

(2) 表示继续做某事,意为:继续„„吧。如: Go ahead, we are all listening. 继续讲吧,我们都在听呢! Go ahead, what happened next? 说吧,下步怎么办?

知识点总结:有关air的三个常用短语

1. by air 乘飞机。如:

He went to Paris by air. 他乘飞机去了巴黎。

Which is faster, by air or by train? 坐飞机快还是坐火车快? 2. in the air 在空中;在流传中;渺茫。如: Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞。

The plan is quite (up) in the air. 计划还相当渺茫。 3. on the air 在广播中。如:

I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。 What's on the air this evening? 今晚有什么广播节目?

知识点总结:all短语用法详解

1. all along 一直,在整个期间。如:

I thought all along that he would win. 我一直认为他会赢。

We know all along that he is going to make it. 我们始终认为他是会成功的。 2. all over 到处,各处,全身。如:

We looked all over for the watch. 我们到处找过那块表。 She was like her mother all over. 她处处像她妈妈。

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I was aching all over after the match. 比赛后我全身都痛。 He painted the wall green all over. 他把墙全漆成绿色。 3. in all

(1) 一共,合计。如:

There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。 That's $15 in all. 一共15美元。 (2) 总之,简言之。如:

In all, the book is worth reading. 总之,这本书值得一读。 4. at all

(1) 用于否定句,意为:根本不、一点也不。如: It wasn't difficult at all. 这一点也不难。

There was nothing to eat at all. 根本没什么可吃的。

注:在否定句中,at all 可位于句末,也可跟在否定词后。如: He isn't tired at all. / He's not at all tired. 他一点也不累。 另外,在口语中单独说 not at all, 可用来回答感谢或道歉。如: A:Thank you very much. 多谢你了。 B:Not at all. 不客气。

A:I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 B:Oh, not at all. 噢,没关系。

(2) 用于疑问句,意为:到底、究竟、难道不。如: Are you at all worried about it? 你难道对此不担心吗?

Have you read any of the report at all? 那份报告你到底有没有读一点? (3) 用于条件句(用来加强if的语气),意为:假若、既然、即使、反正。如: If you do it at all, do it well. 既然要做,就把它做好。 (4) 用于肯定句(较少见), 意为:不管怎样、竟然。如: I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪, 他竟然来了。

知识点总结:有关angry的三个搭配

搭配1

be angry with (at) sb 对某人生气

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He was angry with [at] his wife. 他对他妻子很生气。

The teacher was angry with [at] me when I was late. 我迟到时老师对我很生气。

注:表示对某人生气,用介词 with 比用介词 at 常用。有人认为:用 with 表示心中感到生气,而用 at 则表示怒气流露于外表;也有人认为用介词 at 为口语或非正式文体等。不过值得注意的是,不要按汉语意思说 be angry to sb。 搭配2

be angry at [about] sth 对某事生气

The teacher was rather angry at what you said. 老师对你说的话相当生气。 The man was angry at being kept waiting. 这个人因别人让他久等而很恼火。 My sister was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我妹妹很气恼。

注:表示对某事生气,介词 about 和 at 都可用,有人认为:介词 at 后接某人之言行,而 about 之后接某事, 但这种区别并不十分严格,两者有时可换用。但是,表示对某事生气,通常不能用介词 。 搭配3

be angry for sth 因为某事而生气

I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 我因为犯了这么愚蠢的错误而在生自己的气。

He was angry with me for not having done anything. 因为我什么也没做,他对我很生气。

知识点总结:advise用法详解

【基本用法】 忠告,劝告,建议:

He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。 He advised me not to go. 他建议我不要去。

The doctor advised a change of air. 医生劝他换换环境。 What would you advise? 你看我该怎么办? What do you advise me to do? 你看我该怎么办?

He strongly advised me not to do so. 他使劲劝我别这样做。 【考点说明】

后接动词作宾语时,要用动名词,而不用不定式,但是若其后接有名词或代词作宾语,则可

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接不定式,即不可说advise to do sth,但可说 advise sb to do sth

知识点总结:afraid用法详解

【基本用法】 1.害怕的,恐惧的: Don't be afraid. 别怕。 She is afraid of dogs. 她怕狗。 She is afraid of snakes. 她怕蛇。

He was afraid of nothing. 他什么也不怕。 She was afraid of waking him. 她担心把他吵醒。 She was afraid to see you again. 她怕再次见到你。 1 was afraid to tell you. 我不敢告诉你。

They were afraid to be seen by others. 他们怕被别人看到。 He is afraid he will die. 他害怕他会死。

I was afraid I might hurt your feelings. 我担心我会伤害你的感情。 She was afraid they would recognize her. 她担心他们会认出她来。 2.担心的:

I'm afraid that he won't come. 我担心他不会来。

\"Is he not coming?\" \"I am afraid not.(I'm afraid so.)\" “他不来吗?”“看来不会(怕是这样)。” I'm afraid l can't stay. 恐怕我不能待了。

I'm afraid you don't see my point. 恐怕你没听懂我的意思。

“Are we late?” “I'm afraid so. ” “我们迟到了吗?”“怕是迟到了。” I'm afraid I must ask you to leave the country. 对不起我得让你离开这个国家。 【考点说明】

1. 通常用作表语,不用于名词前作定语。

2. 是形容词,不是动词,所以可说 Don't be afraid,不可说 Don't afraid。

3. 比较be afraid to do sth 与 be afraid of doing sth:前者表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事,后者有两个意思,一是表示害怕做某事(与be afraid to do sth 同义),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换): I'm afraid to tell[of telling] her. 我不敢告诉她。

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I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。

知识点总结:谈谈and all的用法

(1) 表示还有其他类似的人或物,意为:诸如此类;等等一切;之类等等;等等之类。如: His family has gone to the countryside, his parents, brothers, sisters and all. 他一家都下乡去了,他父母兄弟姐妹等其他人都去了。

He has books and paper and all. 他有书和纸之类的东西。

Tell me what the date is — year and all. 把日期告诉我,年月日都要。 She ate cakes, cookies and all. 她吃了蛋糕、饼干等杂七杂八的东西。 (2) 表示:包括;还有。如:

What?! Children and all? 什么?! 还带孩子?

I went to school regularly, even with Mother sick and all. 我按时上学,甚至连妈妈生病时也是如此。

(3) 表示赞同(属英国方言用法),意为:确实;当然。如: A:It's warm today, isn't it? 今天很暖和,是吗? B:It is, and all. 确实暖和。

A:Did they climb the mountain? 他们爬上了那座山吗? B:Yes, they did it and all. 确实爬上去了

知识点总结:about重要用法归纳

1. 表示“大约”,通常用于数字前。如: It costs about $10. 这需10美元左右。

He arrived at about 10 o'clock. 他大约10点钟到达。

2. 在动词 know, hear, speak 等之后用不用介词 about, 含义有差别。如:

I have heard about him, but I don't know him. 我听到过一些关于他的事,但不认识他这个人。 I've heard of him, but I don't know about him. 我听说过他,但我不知道有关他的情况。 试比较:

He knows her. 他认识她。

He knows of her. 他知道有她这样一个人。 He knows about her. 他知道有关她的情况。

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3. be about to (do),意为“即将”、“马上”。注意该短语不与具体的时间状语(如:soon, tomorrow, immediately 等)连用。如:

We are about to leave for Beijing. 我们正要动身去北京。 不说:He is about to leave here tomorrow. 注意该短语可与并列连词 when(这时)连用。如:

I was (just) about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 我正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃突然响了起来。

在美国英语中,be about to do sth 的否定式,可表示“不愿意做某事”。如: I am not about to admit defeat. 我还不想认输。

4. about和on均可表示“关于”,但about主要指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而on则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。比较:

He wrote on mathematics. 他撰写数学著作。

He wrote about the school. 他报道有关这所学校的情况。

It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)

It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书) 5. 注意不要按汉语意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词 about,而在一些不及物动词后该加 about 时却漏加。如: 他没什么不满吧?

误:He has nothing to complain, does he? 正:He has nothing to complain about, does he?

析:表示抱怨某事时,complain 不及物,其后需接介词 about 或 of 再带名词或代词作宾语。(本句中 about 的逻辑宾语是 nothing) 我们会尽快讨论此事的。

误:We'll discuss about it as soon as possible. 正:We'll discuss it as soon as possible.

析:discuss(讨论)为及物动词,后接宾语时,无需用介词。类似地,英语说 consider sth, 而不说 consider about sth;可说 doubt sth, 而不说 doubt about sth;可说 explain sth,而不说 explain about sth;可说 report sth,而不说 report about sth;等等。

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知识点总结:使用abroad的几个易错说明

1. 表示“在国外”、“到国外”等,是副词,不是名词,因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用;其前也不用冠词。如:

He has gone abroad with his wife. 他已与他妻子出国了。 His son was living abroad. 他儿子当时住在国外。 不能说:go to (the) abroad / live in (the) abroad

注意:abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词,但是却可以用介词 from。如: He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。

2. 汉语中的“国内外”,说成英语是 at home and abroad。如: He is famous at home and abroad. 他闻名国内外。

The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour. 国内外形势对我们都有利。

2. 由于是副词,不是形容词,所以不能用于名词前作定语。但是,若语义需要,它可置于名词后作定语。如:

My first journey abroad is something I shall never forget. 我第一次出国旅行的情景是我永远不会忘记的。

She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆,但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。

比较下面两句abroad与from abroad用作后置定语的区别:

Investments abroad set another record last year. 向国外的投资去年又创新经录。 Investments from abroad set another record last year. 来自国外的投资去年又创新经录。

知识点总结: alone与by oneself的区别

区别1

两者均表示“独自”、“单独”,有时可互换。如: He likes living alone (或by himself). 他喜欢独居。 区别2

两者均不可用very 修饰,但可用all 修饰。如;

Can you finish the work all alone? 你一个人能完成这工作吗? He went to see the film all by himself. 他独自一人去看了电影。 区别3

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在表示人数方面,alone (侧重指没有外人)不如by oneself(指绝对一人)那样绝对。如: 误:I want to be by myself with Mary.

正:I want to be alone with Mary. 我想单独与玛丽在一起。 区别4

alone 还可放在名词或代词之后,表示“仅仅”、“只有”(与only 同义,但only 放在名词或代词之前),by oneself 不能这样用。如:

He alone can do it . ( = Only he can do it. ) 只有他才做得了。

知识点总结:always用法说明

1. always(总是)与一般现在(或过去)时连用是通常用法但有时它也可与下列时体连用: (1) 现在完成时。表示“一向”、“早就”。如:

I've always believed he was wrong. 我一直认为他是错的。

(2) 现在进行体,表示“总是”、“老是”(往往带有一定的感情色彩。如赞许、不快、厌恶等)。 He is always smiling. 他总是面带笑容。

She is always saying the same thing. 他老是把同一样的话说了又说。 2. always 除非在祈使句中,一般不用于句首。如:

Always put on your safety belt when you drive. 每次驾驶时都一定要系好安全带。

知识点总结:about,on,with的用法区别

三者均可表示“随身带着”,有时可互换。如: I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身上没带钱。 三者的细微区别是:

(1) about 一般指随身带的小物品:

Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上带圆珠笔了吗? (2) with 多指带较大的东西(也可指较小的东西): He took an umbrella with him. 他随身带了把伞。 (3) on 表示带在身上(如在口袋里):

Have you any money on you? 你身上带有钱吗?

此例若用 with 或 about,则不一定放在身上,也可能放在皮包里等。

知识点总结:across,along,through的用法区别

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(1) along 表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西:

I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。 We walked along the river. 我们沿河散步。

(2) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念: He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。 He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。

有时 across 表示“横过”也可表示在“体”内进行,但此时它仍与through 有差别:前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端,而后者表示穿过两端: He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。 He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。

知识点总结:after与in的用法区别

两者均可与一段时间连用,表示“在„之后”,但 after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用;而 in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如:

He came back after three days. 3天后他回来了。 I'll come back in three days. 我3天后回来。

I think he can come back in three days. 我想他3天后可以回来。

after 除与时间段连用外,还可与时间点连用,此时则可用于将来时(但是in不能与时间点连用):

He will arrive after five o'clock. 他 5 点钟以后到。

另外,after可以与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在„之后”(in不能这样用): after school 放学后 after class 下课后 after the meeting 散会后 after liberation 解放后 after与behind的用法区别

两者均可表示“在„之后”,其区别是:

(1) after 主要用于时间或次序,behind 主要用于位置: He decided to leave after lunch. 他决定午饭后离开。 Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。

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The hospital is behind the post office. 医院在邮局后面。

behind 有时也用于时间,表示“迟于”,主要用于behind time (迟,晚)这一习语: The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火车晚点 20 分钟。

(2) 两者都可用于引申义,after 侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等;而behind 则侧重指在背后、支持、落后等:

The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

Many young people are after her. 许多年轻人都追求她。 We are behind you completely. 我们完全支持你。 He is behind the others in maths. 他的数学不如别人。

知识点总结:among与between的用法区别

一般说来,among 用于三者或三者以上的“在„中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词;而 between 主要指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物: They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。

There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。

I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。 在下列情况,between 可用于三者: (1) 当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时: between A, B and C 在 A、B和C 之间

(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时:

the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别 the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系 (3) 表示“由于„合作的结果”时:

Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。

(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among 和 between 均可:

He divided his money among [between] his five sons. 他把钱分给了 5 个儿子。

知识点总结:answer与reply

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1. 两者均可表示“回答”,但answer属常用词,多用于一般性应答,而reply 则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复。如:

He answered my letter. 他给我回了信。(指他在信中把我提出的问题都作出回答)。 注:answer(回答)可自由地用作及物动词和不及物动词,而reply除后接that从句 或引直接引语是及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词。若后接宾语,应与介词to 搭配。如:reply to a question / answer a question (回答问题) 。

2. answer 除表示“回答外”,还可表示“接(电话)”或对门铃等声响作出反应(常与telephone, door, bell, door-bell等;连用)。reply却不能这样用。如: Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?

A little girl answered the door. 一个小女孩应声去开门。

知识点总结:anxious与eager

1. 表示“担心的”、“焦虑的”这一意义时,只能用anxious,不用eager;表示 “为„„担心”,一般用介词about / for。如:

He is anxious about (或for) her safety. 他担心地的安全。

2. 表示“热切的”、“渴望的”这一意义时,两者都可用,但有以下几点需注意: (1) anxious之后一般用介词for,而eager之后可接介词for, after, about等。如: He is anxious for a bike. 他渴望有一辆自行车。

We are all eager for (或after) knowledge. 我们都来知心切。

(2) 两者之后均可接“(for sb. )+不定式”,表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”如: He is anxious (或eager) to marry her. 他渴望能与她结婚。 He was anxious (或eager) for me to go. 他想要我去。

(3) 两者之后均可接that从句,且从句谓语一般都用“should+动词原形”。如: I'm anxious (或eager) that they should win. 我很希望他们会获胜。

知识点总结:appear, look与seem

1. 相同点

这三个词都可表示“看起来像”、“似乎”,其后均可接形容词、名词、不定式等,且有时可互换。如:

She looks (或seems / appears) (to be) honest. 她似乎很诚实。

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He looks (或seems / appears) (to be) an honest man. 他看起来像个诚实人。 2. 不同点

(1) 含义上的不同:look着重由视觉而得出的印象;appear强调外表给人的印象,有时含有一种并不符合实际的感觉;seem常指有一定根据的内心判断,这种判断往往与实际情况比较接近。试比较:

He doesn't look his age. 他看起来没有他实际年龄那么大。 He seems very young. 他看起来很年轻。

He may appear a fool but actually he's quite clever. 他看起来也许很傻,但实际上他很聪明。 (2) 结构上的差别:

1) look和seem之后可接like,而appear之后不能接。如; He looks (或seems) like a fool. 他看上去像个傻瓜。

2) 三者之后均可接不定式,但look后接不定式一般只限于to be。如: She appears to be leaving. 或他看上去很累了。 He seemed to laugh at us. 她似乎想走了。 He seemed to laugh at us. 他好像在笑我们。

3) 三者均可用于以it开头的句子。但要注意:look之后接as if或as though引导的从句,appear 之后接that引导的从句,而seem之后可接that也可接as if / as though 引导的从句。如: It looks (或seems) as if you're right. 看来你似乎是对的。 It appears that I am wrong. 看来是我错了。 It seems that he is ill. 他好像是有病。

注:look 在不以it开头的句子里也可后接as if 或as though。另外,appear 之后有时也可接as if。如:

They looked as if they didn't care. 他们看起来好像不在乎。 It appears as if they've lost interest 看来他们已失去了兴趣。

4)在there be 开头的句子中,可用seem和appear, 而不用look。如:

There seems (或appears) to be something the matter with her. 他看来像是出了什么事似的。

知识点总结:arrive, get与reach

1. 三者均可表示“到达”。注意:arrive 和get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语,但可接here, there home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如:

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When did you arrive? 你什么时候到的? We got (arrived) here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。

2. reach (到达)是及物动词(属较正式用语),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词),也可接here there home 等词。如:reach Beijing (到达北京);reach home (到家)。

3. 表示“到达某地”,可在地点名词之前reach, get to或 arrive in / at (in 一般用于较大的地方,at 用于较小的地方)。如:

They reached (或got to / arrived at)the station on time. 他们准时到达车站。

知识点总结:beat, hit, strike的区别

1. beat 指反复地打,尤指用木棍或其它较硬的东西打。如: He beat the boy with a stick. 他用棍子打那孩子。 注意以下用法:

(1) beat 还可表示“(心脏)跳动”(注意联想心脏跳动的连续性与beat 表示“打”的反复性)。 (2) “打鼓”、“打拍子”等均强调动作的连续和反复,因此可分译为:beat a drum, beat time. 2. hit 指有目标地重重一击,侧重击中的意思。如: He hit me in the face, 他打了我一耳光。 3. strike 指急速地或突然地用力打击或敲击。如:

The car ran out of control and struck a tree. 汽车失去控制,撞在树上。

知识点总结:wrong的用法

1. 用作形容词,以下两点用法须注意:

(1) 表示“某人做某事是不对的”,以下三种说法均可。如:

It's wrong of you to do it. / You are wrong to do it. / You arewrong in doing it. 你这样做是不对的。

(2) 与something, anything, nothing 等连用,表示“出事”、“出错”、 “有毛病”。此时就注意:

1)句子可直接用something, nothing 等放在句首作主语,也可用there is 来开始句子。 2)若要具体表明某人 / 物出事了,可在wrong 之后用介词with 。 3)该句型中的wrong = the matter。如:

Something is wrong. = There's something wrong. 出事了。

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Nothing is wrong (= the matter) with her. 她没什么事儿。

2. 用作副词,意为“错误地”,与wrongly 同义,但用法上有些差异: (1) 放在动词之后,用wrong 或 wrongly 均可。如: You answered wrong (或wrongly). 你答错了。 (2) 在动词或过去分词之前,一般用wrongly。如: The words are wrongly spelled. 这些词拼错了。

I wrongly believed that he wanted to go. 我误认为他要去。

知识点总结:would与used to的区别

1. 两者都可表示过去反复发生的动作。如:

In those days he would help her with her gardening. 那时他常来帮助她种植花木。 I used to write poetry when I was your age. 我像你那么大时常常写诗。 I don't swim as often as I used to. 我游泳的时候不像过去那样多了

Children are not so well-behaved nowadays as they used to be. 孩子们现在没有过去那样听话了。

有时两者可互换。如:

When we were children we would (used to) to skating every winter. 我们小时候,每年冬天都支溜冰。

2. 但在下列情况中一般只用used to, 而不用would:

(1) 用来表示过去与现在的对比,即“以前这样,但现在不这样了”。如:

I used to go on Saturdays, but now I no longer do so. 过去我星期六经常去但现在我不去了。 (2) 表示过去持续的状态。如: He used to like you. 我原来喜欢你。

There used to be a tree here. 原来这里有棵树。

知识点总结:形容词ashamed的两个搭配

1. be ashamed of (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到羞愧或惭愧。如: You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。

He was ashamed of asking [having asked]such a simple question. 他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。

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He is ashamed of his failure [having failed]. 他对自己的失败感到羞惭。 比较以下同义句型:

I am ashamed of that. / I am ashamed of myself for that. 我对此感到羞愧。

He is ashamed of being poor. / He is ashamed of himself for being poor. 他因为穷而感到羞惭。 2. be ashamed to do sth

(1) 因感到难为情或感到差耻而不愿某事。如: I am ashamed to say so. 这样说我不好意思。

He was too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助。 (2) 对做某事而感到羞愧或惭愧。如:

You should be ashamed to tell such lies. 撒这样的谎你应该感到羞愧。

He was ashamed to have made some careless mistakes. 他因出了些很粗心的差错而感到惭愧。 注:该用法有时可换成 that 从句。如上面最后一句也可说成: He was ashamed that he had made some careless mistakes. 再比较:

他因说谎而感到羞惭。

正:He was ashamed of having lied. 正:He was ashamed to have lied. 正:He was ashamed that he had lied.

知识点总结:ask短语用法归纳

1. ask about sth (sb) 询问有关某人或某事的情况。如: She asked about his health. 她询问他的健康状况。 Can I ask about the exam results? 我可以问问考试结果吗? 2. ask after sb 问候某人(的健康)。如: They all ask after you. 他们都问候你(的健康)。 3. ask for sth 要求得到某物或要求与某人见面。如: He asked for some water. 他要些水。

A Mr Smith is asking for the manager. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人要找经理。 4. ask sb for sth向某人要某物或请某人给某物。如: They asked me for help. 他们向我求助。

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He asked her for her address. 他向她要她的地址。 5. ask to do sth要求或请求做某事。如: He asked to see the manager. 他求见经理。

He asked to see whoever was in charge. 他要求见负责人。 He asked to go alone. 他要求一个人去。 6. ask sb to do sth 请或叫某人做某事。如:

Ask John to mail these letters tomorrow. 叫约翰明天把这几封们寄了。 He asked us to wait for him at the gate. 他叫我们在门口等他。

知识点总结:attend to的用法

(1) 注意听。如:

Attend now to what I tell you. 现在注意听我给你讲。

If you don't attend to your teacher, you'll never learn anything. 你要是不注意听老师讲,你就会什么也学不到。 (2) 处理;办理。如:

I'll attend to the matter. 这事我来处理。

I may be late --- I have one or two things to attend to. 我可能会迟到,我还有一两件事要处理。 (3) 照顾;照看。如:

If you go out, who will attend to the baby? 你要是出去,谁来照顾婴儿?

Will you attend to the shop for a few minutes while I go to the bank? 在我去银行时你帮我照看一下店铺好吗? (4) 接待;招待。如:

Are you being attended to, sir? 先生, 有人招呼你了吗?

I'm too busy. I can't attend to you now. 我很忙,现在不能接待你。 (5) 专心;关心。如:

You must attend to your work. 你必须专心工作。

Parents must attend to the education of their children. 父母必须要关心子女的教育。 (6) 治疗;医治。如:

His injury was attended to by a young doctor. 他的伤由一位年轻医生医治。

知识点总结:attention搭配大全

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1. bring sth to one's attention 使某人注意某事。如: I brought this to his attention. 我使他注意到了这一点。

He's brought this fact to the attention of the public. 他已使公众注意到这一事实。 2. call one's attention to sth 提醒某人注意。如:

He called my attention to some new evidence. 他提醒我注意一些新的证据。 He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。 3. draw [catch, attract] one's attention 引起某人的注意。如: What he said drew our attention. 他说的话引起了我们的注意。

He knocked on the window to catch my attention. 他敲窗户以引起我的注意。 I kept trying to attract the waiter's attention. 我不断地示意招呼服务员。 比较:

He drew attention to the rising unemployment. 失业率日益升高引起了他的注意。 4. fix one's attention on sth 集中注意力于某事物。如: He fixed his attention on writing. 他专心写作。 5. pay attention to 注意。如:

Pay attention to these details. 注意这些细节。

He asked the students to pay more attention to their study. 他叫学生们更加注意学习。 注:该用法中的 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,所以其后接动词时要用动名词。如: Pay more attention to uniting and working with those who differ with you. 更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的人一道工作。

知识点总结:behind用法与搭配

1. be behind with [in] 拖欠,拖延,不能如期完成。如: He is never behind with [in] his work. 他工作从不拖拉。 He was behind in [with] his rent. 他拖欠了房租。

He helped a classmate who was behind with his homework. 他帮助一位没有按时完成作业的同班同学。

2. be behind in doing sth 做某事不落在后面。如:

The boy is behind in handing in homework. 这孩子没能按时交家庭作业。 He was never behind in offering suggestions. 他提建议从来不落在别人后面。

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3. from behind 从后面。如:

He held her from behind. 他从后面抱住她。

They attacked us from behind. 他们从后面攻击我们。 注:有时 behind 是介词,其后可接宾语。如: He came out from behind the door. 他从门后出来。 4. fall [drop] behind 落在后面。如: I've fallen behind in work. 我工作落后了。

Some students dropped behind in their studies. 有的学生在学习上落在后面。 5. leave sth behind (某人)走后留下(掉下)某物。如: What have we left behind? 我们走后留下什么了? He left his umbrella behind. 他离开时没有把雨伞带走。 6. stay [remain] behind 留下,在别人后面留下。如: He alone remained behind. 只有他一个人留下没走。 I had to stay behind after school. 放学后我还得留在学校。

知识点总结:beginning习语归纳

1. at [in] the beginning 起初,在开始时。如: He disliked it at [in] the beginning. 他开始时不喜欢它。 In [At] the beginning I lived next to her. 开始我住在她隔壁。 2. at the beginning of 在„„之初,在„„开始时。如:

She left here at the beginning of this month. 她是本月初离开这儿的。

You'll find this sentence at the beginning of this chapter. 你会在这一章的开头找到这个句子。 注:有时也用介词 in, 但不如用介词 at 普通。如:

It happened at [in] the beginning of this century. 此事发生在本世纪之初。 3. from the beginning 从开始,从一开始。如:

Recite the poem from the beginning. 从头开始背诵这首诗。

I was opposed to the plan from the beginning. 我从一开始就反对这个计划。 4. from beginning to end 从头至尾。如:

He knows the subject from beginning to end. 这个专题他了如指掌。 The whole story is a lie from beginning to end. 整篇报道是彻头彻尾的谎言。

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知识点总结:bed短语归纳

1. go to bed 上床睡觉。如:

He goes to bed at nine. 他九点上床睡觉。

He didn't go to bed until his wife came back. 直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。 比较 go to bed(上床睡觉)与 go to the bed(到床边去)。如: He went to bed at 10 last night. 他昨晚10点钟上床睡觉。

He went to the bed and found a letter on it. 他走到床边,发现上面放着一封信。 2. in bed 在床上(睡觉)。如: He is still in bed. 他还在睡觉。

He's sick in bed with a cold. 他因感冒而卧床。 注:该结构中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。 3. make the bed 铺床。如:

Make the bed whenever you are up. 起床就要铺床。 注:make one's (own) bed, 意为“自食其果”。如:

As you make your own bed, so you must lie on it. 你是自作自受。 4. on a (the) bed 在床上。如:

There is a red box on the bed. 床上有个红色的盒子。

注:该结构通常应有冠词或其他限定词,有时它与 in bed 大致同义,只是搭配不同而已。如:

躺在床上看书是个坏习惯。 正:It is a bad habit to read in bed. 正:It is a bad habit to read on a [the] bed. 4. put sb to bed 安顿某人上床睡觉。如:

I'll just put the children to bed. 我就安顿孩子们去睡觉。

知识点总结:bad搭配三用法

1. be bad at 不善于。如: I'm bad at maths. 我数学学得很差。 He is bad at playing tennis. 他网球打得不好。 2. be bad for 对„„不好。如:

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Too much salt can be bad for you. 吃太多的盐对你不好。 Smoking is bad for you (your health). 抽烟对你(你的身体)有害。 3. go from bad to worse 变得越来越糟,每况愈下。如: His business is going from bad to worse. 他的生意每况愈下。

We're hoping for an improvement but things have gone from bad to worse. 我们希望有所改善,但情况却变得越来越糟。

知识点总结:介词above用法详解

1. 表示“在„„上方”、“高于”(与 below 相对)。如: The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线以上。 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。 参见 above 与 over 的有关用法及区别。

2. 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面“超过”、“在„„之上”、“比„„强”。如:

He is above the others in ability. 他的能力优于其他人。 He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。

As a scholar, he is far above me. 作为一个学者,他远远超过了我。

3. 表示在程度或限度等方面“超过”、“超越”等,这类短语通常用作表语。如: The book is above me (my understanding). 这本书我读不懂。

The lecture was above the heads of most of the audience. 大部分听众听不懂这个演讲。 His heroism was above (beyond) all praise. 他的英勇行为 非言辞所能赞扬。

注:以上用法中的 above 有时可用 beyond 代之,尤其是其后接的是人称代词或人名时。如:

The problem is above (beyond) me. 这个问题我不懂。

4. 表示因优秀或出色等而“不致于”、“不屑于”、“不会”等,主要指道德方面,在句中主要用作表语:

She is above telling a lie. 她不至于说谎。

He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出那样的事来。

He is above meanness and deceit. 他不至于做出卑劣和欺骗的事情来。

If you want to learn, you must not be above asking questions. 你如果要学习,就要不耻下问。

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知识点总结:across的用法与易错说明

1. 用作介词或副词,注意以下用法:

(1) 表示动态意义,意为“横过”、“到„„的另一边”。如:

I cam swim across the river in 10 minutes. 我可以在十分钟之内游过河去。(介词用法) Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? (副词用法) (2) 表示静态意义,意为“在„„的另一边”。如:

My house is just across the street. 我家就在街道对面。(介词用法)

We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛,午夜时应能抵达法国那边。(副词用法)

有可与介词 from 连用,表示“从„„的另一边”。如:

He shouted to me from across the room. 他从房间的另一边向我喊。

(3) 表示“交叉”(介词用法) 或“从一边到另一边的宽度”(副词用法)。如:

He sat there with his arms across his chest. 他坐在那儿,两臂交叉放在胸前。(介词用法) The river is half a mile across. 这条河半英里宽。(副词用法) 2. 不要将 across 误用作动词。如:

不能说:The river is too deep and we can't across.

可改为:The river is too deep and we can't cross. 河水太深,我们过不了。 3. 用于 come [run] across, 意为“偶然遇见”、“意外发现”(不用于被动式)。如: Where did you come [run] across her? 你在那儿碰到她的?

I've just come across a beautiful poem in this book. 我在这本书里偶然发现一首优美的诗。

知识点总结:at, in与on的用法区别

(1) 表示时间,注意以下用法:

① 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at: I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。 He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。

② 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in: We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。 He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。 ③ 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on:

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He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。 (2) 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法: ① 表示某一点位置,用 at:

We live at No. 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。 The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。 与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如: at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室 ② 表示空间或范围,用 in: What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?

He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。 但有时两者可换用:

The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。

③ at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 多用于指较小的地方,而 in 多用于指较大的地方: in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站

④ 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面: What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?

There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。 在少数搭配中,也用介词 on: He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。

(3) 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关: in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上 in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上 in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队 at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末 at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末 (4) 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关: in bed / on the bed 在床上

in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上

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知识点总结:almost与nearly用法区别详解

一、相同之处

两者均可表示“几乎”“差不多”,均可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。如:

It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词) He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)

He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)

Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)

注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造成错误。如: ◎他工作了几乎一整天。 正:He worked almost all day. 误:He almost worked all day.

◎我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。 正:Almost every one of us read the book. 误:Every one of us almost read the book. 二、不同之处

1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:

Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。

Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。 I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。 但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前。如:

He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。

2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如: It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。 The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。

注:not nearly 意为“远非”,very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎”,都是习语。

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3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly。如: I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。

Our cat understands everything — he’s almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂——快通人性了。

知识点总结:你知道what,which,who的区别吗

一、后接名词时的区别

当用作定语修饰其后接名词时,只用which和what,不能用who。which和what的区别是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如: Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种? Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大? What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?

但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也可用which。如: Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? 二、其后不接名词时的区别

当其后不接名词时,三者均可用,which和what的用法区别依然是:前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合,后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如:

Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里,是红色的那个还是黑色的那一个?

What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西?

至于who,它一般只用来指人,不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。如: Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克? Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?

注:当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可以用which或which one代之。如: Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?

三、与else以及of短语搭配时的区别

1. 正由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范围的of短语。如:

What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么? Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?

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在你的老师之中,你最喜欢哪一位? 正:Which of your teachers do you like best? 误:Who [What] of your teachers do you like best? 我们当中谁去洗衣服?

正:Which of us is going to do the washing? 误:Who of us is going to do the washing? 这些词典当中哪一本是你的?

正:Which of these dictionaries is yours? 误:What of these dictionaries is yours?

2. 而which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接else,但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:

Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大? Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中,哪一个力气最大? 你还要点别的什么吗? 正:What else would you like? 误:Which else would you like? 四、口语中的用法区别

比较以下三组对话,注意体会它们的区别: A:Who is he? 他是谁?

B:He is Mary’s husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。 注:Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。 A:What is he? 他是干什么的?

B:He is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。 注:What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。 A:Which is he? 哪位是他?

B:The one by the window. 窗户边的那位。

注:Which is he? 的意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。

知识点总结:arrive, get与reach的用法区别

三者均可表示“到达”,区别如下:

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■arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语,但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。如: What time does the train arrive? 火车什么时候到? We got [arrived] here last night. 我们昨晚到这儿。 要表示“到达某地”,需借助适当介词:

1. arrive 之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。如: We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了 5 分钟。 They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。 2. get 之后通常接介词 to。如:

When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。 在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客等到站时,通常用 get in。如: The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。

■reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如: He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。 注:reach 之后也可接 here, there, home 等词。如: When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到家?

顺便说一句:reach 除可表示到达某地外,还用于其它意义的到达。如: Your letter reached me last week. 我是上周收到你的信的。 He has reached school age. 他已达到上学年龄。

You can guess it when you reach the end of the chapter. 当你读到这末尾时,你就可以猜到了。

知识点总结:leave与forget的用法区别

请先看下面两道中考题:

1. —Sorry, Mr. Green. I _____ my English book at home. —That’s OK, but don’t forget next time. (淄博市中考英语)

A. forgot B. forget C. left D. kept

2. This morning I went to work in such a hurry that _____ the key to my office at home. (青岛市中考英语)

A. forgot B. left C. missed D. lost

这两道题的答案分别为C和B,即答案均选left。许多同学也许会弄不明白,因为根据句意,

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这两道题均应填表示“忘记”的词语,为什么不可以用forgot而非要用left呢?下面我们就来分析一下它们在表示“忘记”时的区别。 leave和forget均可表示“遗忘”,其区别为: 1. forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用。如: Oh, I’ve forgotten my wallet. 噢,我忘记带钱包了。 Don’t forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。

Oh, I’ve forgotten my key. 噢,我忘记带我的钥匙了。 Don’t forget the tickets and an unbrella. 别忘了带戏票和雨伞。 2. leave 在表示“遗忘”时,则通常要与表示地点的状语连用。如: Oh, I’ve left my wallet at home. 噢,我的钱包放在家里忘记带了。

“I’ve left my watch upstairs.” “I’ll go and get it for you.” “我把表忘在楼上了。”“我去给你拿。”

She left the bag on the bus but it may not be there any longer. 她把包忘在了公共汽车上,可是现在也许不在那儿了。

Those who leave parcels on the train cannot expect to get them back. 把东西遗忘在火车上的人,别期望能找回失物。

注:有时leave连用的状语可能是疑问词where。如: Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了?

知识点总结:feel like用法小结

1. 表示“感到想要(做某事)”,其后接名词或代词。如: I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 Do you feel like a drink? 要喝一杯吗?

若后接动词,则要用动名词,不能用不定式。如: He didn’t feel like going to work. 他不想去上班。 I feel like going to bed. I’m tired. 我想去睡觉,我累了。 2. 表示“摸起来好像”。如: It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。

The material feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。 3. 表示“(感到)像是„„(的样子)”。有以下两种用法:

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(1)表示某事物给人的感觉。如:

It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。 I felt like a hurt animal. 我感觉像一个受伤的动物。 My legs feel like cotton wool. 我的腿感到像棉花。

I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. 我只在那里呆了两天,但好像过了一个星期似的。

(2)表示某人对某事的感觉。如: I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。

They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我觉得就是这个家中的一员。 4. 后接反身代词,表示觉得身体情况正常。如: I don’t feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。 有时可省略介词 like。如:

He isn’t feeling himself this morning. 今天早上他感到不太舒服。

知识点总结:borrow与lend的三大区别

一、从基本词义上看

两者都可表示“借”,但是 borrow 指“借入”,而 lend 则指“借出”,两者其实是一对反义词,而不是同义词。如:

Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借用你的自行车吗? He lent his dictionary to me. 他把字典借给我。 He was often sent out to borrow. 他常常被派出去借钱。 Some people neither borrows nor lends. 有的人既不借也不贷。 二、从句型搭配上看

1. 要表示“向某人借某物”,英语用borrow sth from sb,其中用介词from。如: Don’t borrow money from her. 不要向她借钱。

Sam borrowed a car from his friend. 萨姆向他的朋友借来了一辆车。 2. 要表示“把某物借给某人”,英语用lend sth to sb,其中用介词to。如: He lent his pen to me. 他把他的钢笔借给了我。 He told me not to lend it to her. 他叫我别把它借给她。 三、从是否接双宾语来看

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lend 可接双宾语(即可用于 lend sb sth),但 borrow 则不能接双宾语(即不能用于 borrow sb sth)。如:

Could you lend me some money? 你能否借给我一点钱? He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出借给我几本书。 比较:

正:She lent him some money. 她借给他一些钱。 正:She lent some money to him. 她借给他一些钱。 正:He borrowed some money from her. 他向她借了一些钱。 误:He borrowed her some money.

知识点总结:because of的用法

1. because of 是复合介词,其后可接名词或代词,动名词以及由关系代词型的所what 引导的从句等(但不能接that从句)。如:

He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去工作。 I said nothing about it, because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事一字未提。 He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他所说的话。 注:请注意下列正误句子:

正:He cannot go to school because of sickness. / He cannot go to school because he is sick. 他因病不能上学。

误:He cannot go to school because of (that) he is sick.

2. 由because of 构成的介词短语一般只用作状语,而不用作表语。作表语时可用due to。如:

误:Tom’s absence was because of the rain.

正:Tom’s absence was due to the rain. 汤姆因下雨不能到场。

注:在阅读中有时也可见到because of 短语用作表语,但值得注意的是,此时句子的主语通常中代词而不是名词。如:

It is because of hard work. 那是因为劳累的原因。 That will be because of money. 那将是因为金钱的缘故。

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知识点总结:word的搭配与用法

1. 请注意下列习语中word单复数的使用: (1) have a word with sb. 同某人说句话或谈谈 have words with sb. 同某人争吵

May I have a word with you? 我可以同你谈谈吗?

I had words with my girlfriend last night. 昨晚我同女朋友少嘴了。 (2) in a (或one) word 一句话,总而言之 in other words 换句话说,也就是说

In a word, we must do our best to do it. 一句话,我们必须尽力去做。 You say you took the book without his permission. In other words, you stole it. 你说你未经他允话拿了那本书,也就是说,你偷了那本书。

2. 在下列习语中,word 表示“诺言”、“消息”等意义,一般只用单数:keep one’s word(守诺), break one’s word(失诺), give one’s word (许诺), leave word(留言), send word(捎信)等。如:

They failed to keep their word. 他们没能守诺。

He sent word that he would he late. 他通知说他将迟来。

Please leave word (for me) with my child if I’m not at home. 如果我不在家,请留个信叫我孩子转达。

注:word 表示“消息”,还通常用于“word came of +名词”或“word came that+从句”等结构,意为“有消息说”、“据说”。注意这里的 word 只用单数,前面一般不用定冠词(但偶尔也有人用)。如:

Word came of his success abroad. 有消息说他在国外发迹了。

Word (或The word) came that he could not come. 消息传来说他不能来了。

3. eat one’s words 常被直择为“食言”,其实它的准确含义是“收回前言”、“承认错误”(= take back one’s words)。

知识点总结:without的几条用法说明

介词without 的以下用法值得注意:

1. 表示“没有”、“缺乏”,与with意义相反,有时用作定语时可换丰一个定语 从句。如: a man without (= who has no) friends 没有朋友的人

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2. 表示条件,意为“如果没有”,有时可与条件状语从句替换(根据情况有时要与虚拟语气连用)。如:

I can’t do it without your help. (= „if you don’t help me). 你不帮忙,我干不了。 Without water (= If there were no water), nothing could live. 没有水,什么也活不了。 3. 后接动名词,表示纯粹的否定,意为“不”“不经”(注:若动名词是及物动词,在意义明确的情况下,可省去,只保留其宾语)。如: He left without (saying) a word. 他一句话没说就走了。

Don’t begin without asking for advice. 未征求意见之前不要开始。

知识点总结:英语中只能用复数形式的名词

英语中只能用复数形式的名词 一、一些成双成对的名词只有复数形式

一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式,常见的有jeans (年仔裤), headphones (耳机), trousers (裤子), clothes (衣服), pants (短裤), glasses (眼镜), shoes (鞋子), sunglasses (太阳镜), scissors (剪刀), compasses (圆规)。这些名词可单独作主语,动词用复数形式,也可用„pair/pairs of修饰,作主语时动词取决于pair的形式。 二、一些食物名词只有复数形式

一些食物名词只有复数形式,常见的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。 We will have noodles for supper this evening. 今天晚上我们吃面条。 She likes to eat snacks very much. 她很喜欢吃零食。 三、一些固定短语中的名词只有复数形式

一些固定短语中的名词只有复数形式,常见有的express one’s thanks to sb. (向某人表达感激之情), a letter of thanks (一封感谢信), in high/low spirits (情绪高涨/低落), have sports (进行体育活动)。

Look, all of them are in high spirits. 瞧,他们的情绪都很高涨。 四、一些不可数名词只有复数形式

一些不可数名词只有复数形式,但却表示单数概念,常见的有news (消息), means (手段)。 As we all know, no news is good news. 众所周知,没有消息就是好消息。 五、一些专有名词只有复数形式

一些专有名词只有复数形式,但却表示单数概念,常见的有:the United States (美国), the

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United Nations (联合国), the United Kingdoms (英国), the Arabian Nights (《一千零一夜》)。 As far as I know, the United Nations was set up in 1925. 就我所知的而言,联合国成立于1925年。

六、一些表示庆祝、祝贺的名词只有复数形式

一些表示庆祝、祝贺的名词只有复数形式,常见的有:celebrations (庆祝), congratulations (祝贺)。

Do you go in for the New Year celebrations every year?你们每年都庆祝新年吗?

知识点总结:初中英语词汇短语

1. go + adj. go是系动词。

go作为系动词时,常构成go +adj.\"转变成\",这个结构常表示情况变坏。例如: The machines go wrong.机器出了毛病。

He went almost mad when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息几乎发疯了。 His illness is going worse.他的病情正恶化。 go hungry挨饿

类似的动词还有,come/run/become等也可作系动词。例如: His dreams came true at last.他的梦想最后实现了。 The famous river finally ran dry.这条著名河流最后干涸了。 2. high高 / highly高度地,非常地 The eagle is flying up high in the sky. All the people speak highly of that little child. close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地 wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地

deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深” 3.owe

1) 作及物动词用,意为“欠(债)”。 ①They asked him to pay what he owed them. 他们要他偿还欠他们的债务。

②I owe $ 20 to the tailor.我欠裁缝二十美元。 2) owe还有“应把„归功于„”之意。如:

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①I owe it to you that I'm still alive. 我现在还活着,应该感谢你。

②If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher. 如果说我有一些进步,这应该全部归功于我的老师。 3) owe亦可解释为“应当给予„„”。如: ①You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。 ②I owe you many thanks. 我非常感谢你。 4. award

1、作名词时,award的意思是“奖品”、“奖金”,其义与prize近似,两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖。

The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. He won the second award of $ 2,000.

2、用作动词时,award的意思是“授予”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. /award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物

He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.他获杰出工业设计一等奖。 评审委员把她的画评为大奖。(award)

1. The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. 2. The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. 5. on the air / in the air

On the air : to be broadcasting on the radio or TV We shall be on the air in five minutes.

In the air: if a feeling is in the air, a lot of people feel it at the same time. ( 某种感情流传开来) There is a sense of excitement in the air. 6. live/ alive/ living/ lively

1)alive 意为“活着”,侧重说明生与死之间的界限,既可指人,也可指物;可用来作表语,后置定语或宾补。The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital.

No man alive is greater than he. 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。 He wanted to keep the fish alive. 他想让鱼活着。

2)living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”,“健在”,可用来指人或物,作定语或表语。

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例如:

Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country. My first teacher is still living. 我的启蒙老师仍健在。

注意:living 前加上 the , 表示类别,指“活着的人们”。例如:

The living must finish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。 living 还可用于短语,例如:make a living 谋生。 make a / one's living by + ing 通过干„„谋生

3)live “活着的”,通常指物,不指人,常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如:

Do you like a live show or a recorded show? 你是喜欢直播还是录音 。 He said he had seen a live whale. 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。

4)lively 则意为“活泼的”,“活跃”,“充满生气的”,可作定语、表语或宾补,既可指人,又可指物。例如:

Jenny is a lively girl. 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 Everything is lively here. 这儿一切都生机勃勃。

He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法,使他的课生动有趣。Film types

7. take one’s place/take the place of sb. (sth.) 代替,取代 take one’s place 入座,站好位置

in place of (instead of) 代替,取代 (不能做谓语) take place 发生,举行(无被动)

Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England. My brother is ill, and I’ve come to take his place. Take your places, please. We are about to start.

The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee. The wedding will take place next week. 8. determine 与decide 有何区别?

1. We determined to get the work done before May Day.我们决定在五一之前把工作做完。 2. He has determined that nothing can prevent him doing what he wants to do .他已经决定没什么能阻止他想做的事情。

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3. They determined on an early start Tomorrow.他们决定明天早点动身。 4. He is determined to study abroad. 他决心去国外学习。

5. He decided not to tell a lie any longer in the future.他决定以后再也不撒谎了。 6. Let’s first decide what to do next.让我们先决定接下来做什么。

7. Finally she decided on buying that green hat.最后她决定买那顶绿色的帽子。 8. She decided that she would go on to Cleveland and see him. 1.decide 和determine 在意义上有什么区别?

回答:decide 和determine 在意义上都可以表示_______;be determined 表示_________。 2. 两者在用法上有什么不同?

回答:在用法上两者后面都可以跟________(to do sth )或是___________(比如that ,where,what „从句)

9. Many people like this film not just because the story itself is moving, but also because most of the people in the film use their real names and play themselves.

许多人喜欢这部电影不仅因为故事本身感人,而且因为电影中的人物用他们自己真名而且表演他们自己。

not just (only)...but ( also )...并列连词,意思是“不但„„而且„„”,连接两个相同成分,也可连接两个分句。

He likes not only English but also maths.他不仅喜欢英语,而且喜欢数学。 Not only you but also I am a teacher.不仅你而且我是一名老师。

[注意] not only...but also...连接两个并列主语,谓语动词和后面主语保持一致。 Not only does he work hard,but also he is very clever.他不仅学习认真,而且很聪明。

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